Honeybee drones are attracted by groups of consexuals in a walking simulator
Honeybee drones are attracted by groups of consexuals in a walking simulator
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.094292
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发表时间：
2014-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Sandoz, Jean-Christophe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brandstaetter, Andreas Simon;Bastin, Florian;Sandoz, Jean-Christophe
在交配季节，雄蜂，也就是雄蜂，聚集在离地面10-40米的聚集区。当一只善于接受的雌性女王进入会众时，无人机会被女王产生的信息素和视觉线索所吸引，并试图在半空中与女王交配。目前还不清楚无人机和女王是如何找到会众的。地平线上的视觉提示最有可能用于远距离定向。然而，对于较短距离的定向，已经提出了由无人机产生的聚集信息素的吸引力，但到目前为止，它的存在还没有得到确凿的证实。高空集合区的低可达性是一个主要障碍，在实地研究中，对实验条件的精确控制往往不能令人满意。在这里，我们使用了一个基于运动补偿器的行走模拟器来研究无人机在受控实验室条件下的固有气味偏好。我们测试了雄蜂对9-氧代-2-癸烯酸(9-oda)和王后下颌信息素(QMP)的行为反应，9-oda是蜂王产生的主要性引诱剂，QMP是9-oda和其他几种女王衍生成分的人工混合物。虽然9-oda强烈地控制着处女皇后的气味，但QMP更像是交配后的花束。在我们的实验中，雄蜂被9-oda吸引，但不被QMP吸引。我们还通过测试无人机对10只活着的无人机或工作人员组成的群体的气味束的定位反应，研究了男性气味的潜在吸引力。我们的结果表明，蜜蜂雄蜂被其他雄蜂群吸引(但不被工蜂吸引)，这可能表明无人机发出的线索对聚集的形成起到了作用。
During the mating season, honeybee males, the drones, gather in congregation areas 10-40 m above ground. When a receptive female, a queen, enters the congregation, drones are attracted to her by queen-produced pheromones and visual cues and attempt to mate with the queen in mid-air. It is still unclear how drones and queens find the congregations. Visual cues on the horizon are most probably used for long-range orientation. For shorter-range orientation, however, attraction by a drone-produced aggregation pheromone has been proposed, yet so far its existence has not been confirmed conclusively. The low accessibility of congregation areas high up in the air is a major hurdle and precise control of experimental conditions often remains unsatisfactory in field studies. Here, we used a locomotion compensator-based walking simulator to investigate drones' innate odor preferences under controlled laboratory conditions. We tested behavioral responses of drones to 9-oxo-2-decenoic acid (9-ODA), the major queen-produced sexual attractant, and to queen mandibular pheromone (QMP), an artificial blend of 9-ODA and several other queen-derived components. While 9-ODA strongly dominates the odor bouquet of virgin queens, QMP rather resembles the bouquet of mated queens. In our assay, drones were attracted by 9-ODA, but not by QMP. We also investigated the potential attractiveness of male-derived odors by testing drones' orientation responses to the odor bouquet of groups of 10 living drones or workers. Our results demonstrate that honeybee drones are attracted by groups of other drones (but not by workers), which may indicate a role of drone-emitted cues for the formation of congregations.