Nutrient sensing and signalling by the gut
Nutrient sensing and signalling by the gut
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DOI：
10.1017/s0029665112000110
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发表时间：
2012-11-01
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Tome, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rasoamanana, Rojo;Darcel, Nicolas;Tome, Daniel
最近的进展突出了营养素受体（如T1 R1/T1 R3异二聚体、Ca感应受体和用于氨基酸和蛋白质的GPR 93，用于脂肪酸的GPR 40、GPR 41、GPR 43和GPR 120，用于单糖的T1 R2/T1 R3异二聚体）在肠道的顶面中表达，并在管腔中感应营养素。它们在顶面传递调节营养转运蛋白表达的信号。有趣的是，它们也定位于肠内分泌细胞（EEC）中，并且主要对胃肠道固有层中的肽如胆囊收缩素、胰高血糖素样肽-1和肽YY的分泌施加直接控制，以响应肠道中的能量营养转运和吸收。这告知参与控制进食的中央核团，如下丘脑和孤束核团这些营养物质的可用性，从而触发适应性反应以维持能量稳态。这些营养素受体则具有突出的位置，因为它们管理营养素吸收，并且主要是主要通过迷走神经传入传递到大脑的饱足机制的第一信号的发生器。此外，促味剂还能够通过EEC中表达的化学感受受体引起肠肽分泌。因此，靶向EEC中的这些营养素和促味剂受体可能有助于促进饱腹感，从而对抗过度喂养及其后果。
Recent advances highlight that nutrient receptors (such as T1R1/T1R3 heterodimer, Ca sensing receptor and GPR93 for amino acids and protein, GPR40, GPR41, GPR43 and GPR120 for fatty acids, T1R2/T1R3 heterodimer for monosaccharides) are expressed in the apical face of the gut and sense nutrients in the lumen. They transduce signals for the regulation of nutrient transporter expressions in the apical face. Interestingly, they are also localised in enteroendocrine cells (EEC) and mainly exert a direct control on the secretion in the lamina propria of gastro-intestinal peptides such as cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY in response to energy nutrient transit and absorption in the gut. This informs central nuclei involved in the control of feeding such as the hypothalamus and nucleus of the solitary tract of the availability of these nutrients and thus triggers adaptive responses to maintain energy homoeostasis. These nutrient receptors then have a prominent position since they manage nutrient absorption and are principally the generator of the first signal of satiation mechanisms mainly transmitted to the brain by vagal afferents. Moreover, tastants are also able to elicit gut peptides secretion via chemosensory receptors expressed in EEC. Targeting these nutrient and tastant receptors in EEC may thus be helpful to promote satiation and so to fight overfeeding and its consequences.