Acute physiologic and chronic histologic changes in rats and mice exposed to the unique hallucinogen salvinorin A
Acute physiologic and chronic histologic changes in rats and mice exposed to the unique hallucinogen salvinorin A
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DOI：
10.1080/02791072.2003.10400021
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发表时间：
2003-07-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Briner, W
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mowry, M;Mosher, M;Briner, W
鼠尾草素A是一种独特的致幻剂，在人类中的使用越来越多。它目前不是一种受控物质，被用作受控物质的法律的替代品。通常吸烟或咀嚼口腔吸收，剂量约200微克可产生短期的深刻的致幻作用。鼠尾草素A的作用机制是在k-阿片受体，关于该物质的医学作用的数据很少，因此进行了动物研究，以探索该物质在大鼠中的急性毒性作用和在小鼠中的慢性作用。将大鼠麻醉并以1600 mcg/kg施用鼠尾草素A或媒介物。记录皮肤电反应、EKG、体温和脉压100分钟。将小鼠长期暴露于媒介物或400、800、1600、3200或6400 mcg/kg的鼠尾草素A两周。暴露后，处死动物，取出脑、心脏、肾脏、骨髓、血液和脾脏，固定、切片、染色并进行光学显微镜检查。未观察到对心脏传导、温度或皮肤电反应的影响。脉压无显著性升高。脾、血液、脑、肝、肾和骨髓的组织学研究在任何检查剂量下均未发现任何显著的组织学变化。这些数据表明，鼠尾草素A的毒性相对较低，即使剂量比人类暴露的剂量大许多倍。然而，对血压的影响还需进一步研究。这种强效致幻剂的心理影响也应该调查。
Salvinorin A is a unique hallucinogen that is seeing increased use in humans. It is not currently a controlled substance and is used as a legal alternative to controlled substances. Usually smoked or buccally absorbed by chewing, doses of approximately 200mcg can produce profound hallucinogenic effects of short duration. The mechanism of action of salvinorin A is at the k-opioid receptor, Little data is available on the medical effects of this substance so animal studies were undertaken to explore the acute toxic effects of this substance in rats and the chronic effects in mice. Rats were anesthetized and administered salvinorin A at 1600mcg/kg or vehicle. Recordings were made of galvanic skin response, EKG, temperature, and pulse pressure for 100 minutes. Mice were chronically exposed to vehicle or 400, 800, 1600, 3200, or 6400 mcg/kg of salvinorin A for two weeks. After exposure the animals were sacrificed and brain, heart, kidney, bone marrow, blood and spleen were removed, fixed, sectioned, stained and examined by light microscopy. No effects were seen on cardiac conduction, temperature, or galvanic skin response. A nonsignificant rise was seen in pulse pressure. Histologic studies of spleen, blood, brain, liver, kidney, and bone mar-row did not find any significant histologic changes at any of the doses examined. These data suggests that the toxicity of salvinorin A is relatively low, even at doses many times greater than what humans are exposed to. However, further studies should be done on blood pressure effects. The psychological impact of this potent hallucinogen should also be investigated.