Relationships between vegetation, site type and stand structure in coniferous plantations in Britain
Relationships between vegetation, site type and stand structure in coniferous plantations in Britain
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英国针叶林植被、立地类型和林分结构之间的关系
DOI：
10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00268-6
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发表时间：
2000
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
A.C Broome
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Ferris;A.J Peace;J.W Humphrey;A.C Broome
植物群落（地面和外地层物种）在英国各地的针叶林林分进行了分类，使用国家植被分类，群落组成和多样性相关的林分结构和站点特征。数据收集了12个种植园林的网站，包括一系列的气候条件（高地，山麓，低地），作物类型（苏格兰松，锡特卡云杉，挪威云杉和科西嘉松），和作物年龄（前灌丛，中期旋转，成熟和过成熟）。在低地网站的植被群落与半自然林地类似物的相关性较差，“拟合优度”系数小于40%。最高的系数，获得了成熟和过成熟的松树和云杉林的高地和山麓气候带。这些立场匹配最接近半天然松林和橡树社区。主成分分析产生了四个摘要土壤矢量和四个栖息地结构矢量，分别描述了84%和79%的网站和林分结构数据的变异。典范对应分析和相关分析表明，这些向量与植物群落组成、物种丰富度和多样性有关。群落组成的变化主要与土壤肥力梯度有关，土壤肥力梯度由pH值、交换性钙和NO3-形式的有效氮的增加以及土壤有机质和NH 4+形式的氮的减少来定义。维管植物和苔藓植物物种多样性与有效氮呈负相关。高地和山麓苏格兰松和锡特卡云杉网站的植物群落典型的酸性，贫瘠的土壤，而低地挪威云杉网站的社区与高土壤肥力。植物群落组成和多样性也显着相关的垂直林分结构的措施。前灌丛地块，具有较高的值，为外地层垂直覆盖，有独特的社区，比中期旋转和成熟的地块，其中有高冠层覆盖值，低灌木和外地层覆盖更多样化。一个积极的关系，记录之间的枯枝体积和bratlete物种多样性，与过成熟的锡特卡云杉站在高地有特别高的体积枯枝，由于风吹。林分结构的这种影响表明，植物群落多样性可以提高在商业针叶林延长轮伐期长度，引入替代造林系统，如防护林，并增加枯枝落叶量。
Plant communities (ground and field layer species) within a wide range of coniferous forest stands across Britain were classified using the National Vegetation Classification, and community composition and diversity related to stand structure and site characteristics. Data were collected from 12 plantation forest sites, encompassing a range of climatic conditions (uplands, foothills, and lowlands), crop types (Scots pine, Sitka spruce, Norway spruce and Corsican pine), and crop ages (pre-thicket, mid-rotation, mature and over-mature). Vegetation communities in lowland sites were poorly correlated with semi-natural woodland analogues, with ‘goodness-of-fit’ coefficients less than 40%. The highest coefficients were obtained for mature and over-mature pine and spruce stands in the uplands and foothills climatic zones. These stands were matched most closely to semi-natural pinewoods and oakwood communities. Principal components analysis produced four summary soil vectors and four habitat structure vectors, that described 84 and 79% of the variability in the site and stand structure data, respectively. These vectors were related to plant community composition, species richness and diversity using canonical correspondence analysis and correlation analysis. Variation in community composition was related principally to a soil fertility gradient, defined by increasing pH, exchangeable Ca, and available N in NO3−form, coupled with decreases in soil organic matter and N in NH4+form. Vascular plant and bryophyte species diversity was inversely related to available N. Uplands and foothills Scots pine and Sitka spruce sites had plant communities typical of acid, infertile soils, whereas lowland Norway spruce sites had communities associated with high soil fertility. Plant community composition and diversity was also significantly related to measures of vertical stand structure. Pre-thicket plots, with high values for field layer vertical cover; had distinctive communities and were more diverse than mid-rotation and mature plots; which had high canopy cover values, and low shrub and field layer cover. A positive relationship was recorded between deadwood volume and bryophyte species diversity, with over-mature Sitka spruce stands in the uplands having particularly high volumes of deadwood due to windthrow. This influence of stand structure suggests that plant community diversity can be enhanced in commercial conifer forests by extending rotation lengths, introducing alternative silvicultural systems such as shelterwood, and increasing deadwood volumes.