Effects of chemical fertilizer and straw return on soil fertility and spring wheat quality
Effects of chemical fertilizer and straw return on soil fertility and spring wheat quality
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Z. Ya-li
中科院分区：
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作者：
Z. Ya-li
通过19 a的长期定位试验，研究了河湟灌区栗钙土春小麦连作条件下化肥和秸秆还田对土壤肥力和粮食品质的影响，结果表明：与对照相比，氮磷化肥配施钾肥和/或秸秆还田处理土壤容重和土壤含水量分别降低1.2%~ 7.1%和4.7%~ 13.5%，土壤水稳性团聚体含量在改善土壤物理性质方面，秸秆还田上级化学施氮、磷、钾肥，土壤轻组有机质、全有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、全氮、全钾、全磷、全钾氮磷钾配施秸秆还田除NPK+100%ST处理外，秸秆还田和/或施钾处理均提高了小麦籽粒蛋白质含量，对籽粒品质无负面影响，因此，适量施钾和/或秸秆配施化肥氮、磷肥可提高土壤肥力，提高春小麦产量和品质，在当地农业生产中，秸秆还田量的一半可替代钾肥施用。
A long-term field experiment was conducted for 19 years to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer and wheat straw return on soil fertility and quality of grain in spring wheat continuous cropping system on castanozems soil in Hehuang irrigation region of Qinghai province.The results show that compared with the control treatment,soil bulk densities and soil water contents are decreased by 1.2%-7.1% and 4.7%-13.5% under the N and P chemical fertilization combined with potash addition fertilization and/or straw return treatments,and the contents of soil water-stable aggregate(0.25 mm) are increased and stability of soil aggregate is improved.Regard to improving soil physical properties,the straw return is superior to the chemical N,P and K fertilization.The light fraction of soil organic matter,soil total organic matter,soil N,P and K contents are increased as well,especially soil available K content which reaches to 279.5 mg/kg in the NPK+100%ST treatment and is about 2.6 times of the control treatment.The yield of spring wheat is also increased under the chemical N,P and K fertilization treatment combined with straw and chemical fertilizer.On base of the N and P fertilization,straw return and/or potash addition treatments except for the NPK+100%ST treatment improve protein content of wheat seed and have no negative effects on grain quality.In conclusion,suitable amounts of potash and/or straw application with chemical N and P fertilization can improve soil fertility and spring wheat yield and quality,and half amount of straw return can replace potash application in local agricultural practice.