Subcutaneous nanotherapy repurposes the immunosuppressive mechanism of rapamycin to enhance allogeneic islet graft viability.

Subcutaneous nanotherapy repurposes the immunosuppressive mechanism of rapamycin to enhance allogeneic islet graft viability.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41565-021-01048-2
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发表时间:
2022-03
影响因子:
38.3
通讯作者:
Scott EA
Scott EA
中科院分区:
材料科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Burke JA;Zhang X;Bobbala S;Frey MA;Bohorquez Fuentes C;Freire Haddad H;Allen SD;Richardson RAK;Ameer GA;Scott EA

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标准口服雷帕霉素(即Rapamune®)给药受到生物利用度差和生物分布广的困扰。因此,这种多效性mTOR抑制剂具有狭窄的治疗窗、许多副作用,并且对移植的细胞和组织提供的保护不足。此外,雷帕霉素的疏水性限制了其在肠胃外制剂中的使用。在这里,我们证明了通过聚(乙二醇)-b-聚(丙硫醚)(PEG-b-PPS)聚合物囊泡(PS)纳米载体的皮下递送显著改变了雷帕霉素的细胞生物分布,以重新调整其耐受性而不是免疫抑制的作用机制,同时最大限度地减少副作用。虽然口服雷帕霉素直接抑制幼稚T细胞增殖,但皮下施用雷帕霉素负载的聚合物囊泡(rPS)调节抗原呈递细胞代替T细胞,显著改善临床相关的MHC不匹配的同种异体门静脉内(肝)胰岛移植模型中正常细胞的维持。这些结果证明了合理设计的纳米载体通过控制细胞生物分布来重新设计药物的免疫抑制机制的能力。
Standard oral rapamycin (i.e. Rapamune®) administration is plagued by poor bioavailability and broad biodistribution. Thus, this pleotropic mTOR inhibitor has a narrow therapeutic window, numerous side effects and provides inadequate protection to transplanted cells and tissues. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity of rapamycin limits its use in parenteral formulations. Here, we demonstrate that subcutaneous delivery via poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(propylene sulfide)(PEG-b-PPS) polymersome (PS) nanocarriers significantly alters rapamycin’s cellular biodistribution to repurpose its mechanism of action for tolerance instead of immunosuppression while minimizing side effects. While oral rapamycin inhibits naïve T cell proliferation directly, subcutaneously administered rapamycin-loaded polymersomes (rPS) modulate antigen presenting cells in lieu of T cells significantly improving maintenance of normoglycemia in a clinically relevant, MHC-mismatched, allogeneic, intraportal (liver) islet transplantation model. These results demonstrate the ability of a rationally designed nanocarrier to re-engineer the immunosuppressive mechanism of a drug by controlling cellular biodistribution.
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