Baboons as a Model to Study Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Disease
Baboons as a Model to Study Genetics and Epigenetics of Human Disease
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DOI：
10.1093/ilar/ilt038
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
VandeBerg, John L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cox, Laura A.;Comuzzie, Anthony G.;VandeBerg, John L.
了解人类常见疾病易感性的一个主要挑战是确定影响疾病相关性状变异机制的遗传和环境因素。困扰美国人口的最常见疾病是复杂疾病，这些疾病是由于多种遗传控制系统在应对环境挑战时出现缺陷而发展起来的。由于涉及许多遗传和环境因素，阐明这些疾病的病因极其困难。人类复杂疾病遗传学的研究具有挑战性，因为不可能控制谱系结构，而且在很长一段时间内控制环境条件往往是不切实际的。此外，从健康个体获得与许多疾病相关的组织的途径相当有限。狒狒是一种成熟的研究模型，用于研究广泛的常见复杂疾病，包括血脂异常、高血压、肥胖和骨质疏松症。从暴露于特定环境刺激的健康的、具有遗传特征的狒狒身上获得组织是可能的。本文综述了狒狒与人类的遗传和生理相似性、控制环境和繁殖的能力和有用性，以及目前的遗传和基因组资源。我们讨论的遗传学研究心脏病，肥胖，糖尿病，代谢综合征，高血压，骨质疏松症，骨关节炎，和宫内生长限制使用狒狒作为人类疾病的模型。我们还总结了新的研究和正在开发的资源，提供了针对人类疾病的靶向干预和治疗的潜在转化研究的例子。
A major challenge for understanding susceptibility to common human diseases is determining genetic and environmental factors that influence mechanisms underlying variation in disease-related traits. The most common diseases afflicting the US population are complex diseases that develop as a result of defects in multiple genetically controlled systems in response to environmental challenges. Unraveling the etiology of these diseases is exceedingly difficult because of the many genetic and environmental factors involved. Studies of complex disease genetics in humans are challenging because it is not possible to control pedigree structure and often not practical to control environmental conditions over an extended period of time. Furthermore, access to tissues relevant to many diseases from healthy individuals is quite limited. The baboon is a well-established research model for the study of a wide array of common complex diseases, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and osteoporosis. It is possible to acquire tissues from healthy, genetically characterized baboons that have been exposed to defined environmental stimuli. In this review, we describe the genetic and physiologic similarity of baboons with humans, the ability and usefulness of controlling environment and breeding, and current genetic and genomic resources. We discuss studies on genetics of heart disease, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and intrauterine growth restriction using the baboon as a model for human disease. We also summarize new studies and resources under development, providing examples of potential translational studies for targeted interventions and therapies for human disease.