SURVIVAL AND CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY OF NORTHERN BOBWHITE IN MISSOURI
SURVIVAL AND CAUSE-SPECIFIC MORTALITY OF NORTHERN BOBWHITE IN MISSOURI
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DOI：
10.2307/3808954
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发表时间：
1995-04-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
RYAN, MR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BURGER, LW;DAILEY, TV;RYAN, MR
努力了解波动在北方bobwhite（Colinus virginianus）丰度说明人口过程的知识不足。 因此，我们估计了北方密苏里州的1,001只放射性标记的白颈长尾鳕的季节存活率、年存活率和死因特异性死亡率。 年生存率为5.3 +/- 0.5%，年龄（P = 0.33）或性别（P = 0.48）之间无差异。 秋季-春季存活率（15.9 ± 0.8%）低于春季-秋季存活率（33.2 ± 2.7%，P < 0.001）。 女性的秋季-春季存活率（13.7 +/- 1.1%）低于男性（17.6 +/-1.1%，P = 0.02）。 男性偏向的性别比例可能是秋季和冬季生存差异的结果。 鸟类（28.7%）和哺乳动物（25.7%）的捕食者是主要的自然死亡因素。 猎人回收（22.9%）和非回收（5.3%）杀死导致28.2%的收获相关死亡率。 在春季，男性经历了较高的鸟类死亡率（26.5%）比女性（20.0%）（P = 0.09）。 雄性更容易受到鸟类捕食者的攻击，这可能是展示的代价。 每次孵化和育雏饲养的尝试减少了16%的存活率相比，nonreproductively活跃的鸟类在同一时期。 博怀特必须具有很高的生产力，以取代每年的人口损失。
Efforts to understand fluctuations in northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) abundance illustrate inadequate knowledge of demographic processes. Therefore, we estimated seasonal survival, annual survival, and cause-specific mortality of 1,001 radio-marked bobwhite in northern Missouri. Annual survival was 5.3 +/- 0.5% and did not differ between ages (P = 0.33) or sexes (P = 0.48). Fall-spring survival (15.9 +/- 0.8%) was less than spring-fall survival (33.2 +/- 2.7%, P < 0.001). Females had lower fall-spring survival (13.7 +/- 1.1%) than males (17.6 +/- 1.1%, P = 0.02). Male-biased sex ratios likely result from differential fall and winter survival. Avian (28.7%) and mammalian (25.7%) predators were primary natural mortality agents. Hunter-retrieved (22.9%) and -unretrieved (5.3%) kill resulted in 28.2% harvest-related mortality. During springfall, males experienced higher avian mortality (26.5%) than females (20.0%) (P = 0.09). Greater vulnerability of males to avian predators may represent a cost of displaying. Each incubation and brood-rearing attempt reduced survival by 16% when compared with nonreproductively active birds during a similar period. Bobwhites must be highly productive to replace annual population losses.