Surely we know all about cement – don't we?
Surely we know all about cement – don't we?
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我们当然了解水泥的一切，不是吗？
DOI：
10.1179/174367606x115904
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发表时间：
2006
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
J. Mellor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Sharp;J. Mellor;J. Mellor
石膏、水泥和混凝土自古以来就一直在使用，尤其是罗马人。波特兰水泥于 1824 年由利兹的约瑟夫·阿斯普丁 (Joseph Aspdin) 获得专利。此后，它逐渐完善，成为现代混凝土的基本成分，成为我们所有人所熟悉的上个世纪的主要建筑材料。摩天大楼、音乐厅、吊桥和巨型水坝等当代建筑证明了波特兰水泥混凝土的成功使用。对于常规结构，其抗压强度发展和耐久性已得到充分了解，因此可以放心地在许多不同的情况和气候条件差异很大的地点使用。然而，即使在过去 30 年里，也出现了意想不到的耐久性问题，例如碱硅反应 (ASR)、延迟钙矾石形成 (DEF) 和硫酸盐侵蚀的硅灰石形式 (TSA)。为了确保土木工程师能够采取必要的措施来避免其发生，需要应用材料科学的方法来了解这些过程的机制。最近有关 DEF 和 TSA 反应机制的想法受到严格审查。
Plaster, cement and concrete have been used since antiquity, notably by the Romans. Portland cement was patented by Joseph Aspdin of Leeds in 1824. Since then it has been gradually refined to become the fundamental constituent of modern concrete, familiar to all of us as the major construction material of the past century. Contemporary constructions such as skyscrapers, concert halls, suspension bridges and huge dams testify to the successful use of Portland cement concrete. For routine constructions its compressive strength development and durability are sufficiently well understood for it to be used with confidence in many diverse situations and in locations with widely different climate conditions. Even in the last 30 years, however, unexpected durability problems, such as the alkali silica reaction (ASR), delayed ettringite formation (DEF) and the thaumasite form of sulphate attack (TSA), have emerged. To ensure that the civil engineer can take the necessary steps to avoid their occurrence has required the methods of materials science to be applied to understand the mechanism of these processes. Recent ideas pertaining to the reaction mechanisms underlying DEF and TSA are critically reviewed.