The diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic application of MicroRNAs in haematological malignancies
The diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic application of MicroRNAs in haematological malignancies
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MicroRNA在血液系统恶性肿瘤的诊断、预后和治疗应用
DOI：
10.1080/10245332.2015.1114766
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Zhong, Hua
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Xin;Zhong, Hua
目的：microRNA（miRNAs）是一种非编码的小分子RNA，参与细胞增殖、凋亡和分化等重要过程。近年来，它们已被证明在血液系统恶性肿瘤中发挥重要作用。本文简要介绍microRNA的基本知识，并对microRNA在血液系统恶性肿瘤，特别是白血病中的异位表达进行综述。我们还将讨论microRNA在白血病诊断、确定不同亚型临床预后和靶向治疗中的潜力。讨论内容：尽管目前采用新的生物制剂结合传统的化疗方案，但由于诊断不准确，疾病的侵袭性以及患者对化疗的不耐受性，白血病仍然具有不理想的临床结果，因此迫切需要全新的治疗方向。MiRNA通过与相应mRNA的3 '-非翻译区结合，导致靶mRNA的降解或翻译抑制来调节基因表达。已证实它们既可作为肿瘤抑制剂发挥作用，又可在某些情况下引发肿瘤发生，这种特异的双重特性无疑吸引着科学家们探索它们在血液系统恶性肿瘤中的作用。对miRNAs在血液系统恶性肿瘤的诊断、预后评估及临床治疗中的作用进行综述是十分必要的。结论：今后的研究可充分利用miRNAs的检测在白血病的诊断、靶向生物治疗的选择以及避免可预见的副作用等方面的优势，从而提高白血病的总生存率和治愈效率。
Objective: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that participate in vital cell processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. In recent years, they have been proven to play vital roles in haematological malignancies. In this review we briefly introduce some basic knowledge of microRNAs and summarize their ectopic expression in haematological malignancies, especially in leukaemia. We will also discuss the potential of microRNAs in the diagnosis of leukaemia, in the determination of the clinical prognosis of diverse subtypes, and in targeted therapy. Discussion: Despite current adoption of novel biological agents combining traditional chemotherapy regimens, leukaemia remains to have undesirable clinical outcomes due to inaccurate diagnosis, invasiveness of the disease, and patients’ intolerance to chemotherapy, thus brand new therapeutic directions are urgently needed. MiRNAs regulate gene expression by means of binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of corresponding mRNAs, leading to the degradation of targeted mRNA or the inhibition of translation. It has been confirmed that they can either function as tumour inhibitors, or may trigger tumourigenesis in certain situations, this specific dual characteristic undoubtedly attract scientists to explore their roles in haematological malignancies. It is of great necessity to summarize the roles of miRNAs in haematological malignancies diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and clinical treatment. Conclusions: Future studies may take full advantage of miRNAs detection in diagnosing, in choosing targeted biological therapy, and in avoiding predictable side effect, thus the overall survival rate and cure efficiency of leukaemia should improve.