Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease
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DOI：
10.1002/9781119413172.ch6
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发表时间：
2019-06
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Thomas
本章探讨了在需要肾脏替代治疗 (RRT) 之前对轻度至中度肾脏疾病患者的护理和管理。肾脏科护士经常参与终末期肾病 (ESKD) 患者 RRT 的技术、监测和评估工作。根据肾脏疾病质量结果倡议分类，慢性肾脏病 (CKD) 的数字阶段或类别已得到全世界认可。一般来说，1-2 类不需要特殊干预； 3a 和 3b 类在初级保健中管理； 4 类 CKD 患者可能需要转诊至肾脏团队，而 5 类患者通常需要某种形式的 RRT 或保守治疗。初级保健管理的目的是预防或延缓 ESKD 的进展并降低心血管风险。本章解释了 3a-b 类 CKD 患者以及糖尿病合并 CKD 患者的护理和管理。
This chapter investigates care and management of those with mild to moderate kidney disease before renal replacement therapy (RRT) is required. Renal nurses are often involved with the technical, monitoring, and evaluative aspects of RRT for those with end‐stage kidney disease (ESKD). There is worldwide acceptance of numerical stages or categories of chronic kidney disease (CKD), based on the Kidney Disease Quality Outcomes Initiative classification. In general terms, categories 1‐2 do not require specific interventions; categories 3a and 3b are managed in primary care; people with category 4 CKD may require referral to renal teams and people with category 5 usually require some form of RRT or conservative management. The aim of primary care management is to prevent or delay progression to ESKD and reduce cardiovascular risk. The chapter explains the care and management of people with category 3a‐b CKD and those with diabetes and CKD.