Biomechanical loading in the triple jump
Biomechanical loading in the triple jump
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DOI：
10.1080/026404100402421
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发表时间：
2000-05-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Heinonen, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Perttunen, J;Kyröläinen, H;Heinonen, A
三级跳远是一项要求很高的田赛项目，运动员必须在保持高水平速度的同时承受极高的冲击力。本研究旨在阐明三级跳远的力学负荷特点和神经肌肉功能的作用。7名国家三级跳远运动员（4男3女）自愿进行3-6跳。男性和女性的平均最佳成绩分别为14.32+/-0.45 m和11.90 +/- 0.28 m。每名运动员的三次最长三级跳远被选作最后分析。平均接触时间为0.139 s（跳跃），0.157 s（步进）和0.177 s（跳跃）。最大的地面反作用力在步骤中观察到（15.2倍体重），而最高的峰值压力记录在脚跟和前脚。前足外侧足底压力与三级跳远距离呈显著正相关（P < 0.05-0.01）。此外，双腿的肌电图表明，机械负荷对神经肌肉系统提出了很高的要求，其特征在于活动前阶段的高激活率，然后是高离心活动。因此，腓肠肌，股外侧肌和髋伸肌的高活动似乎在防止跳跃者在制动阶段不必要的屈服方面发挥了重要作用。
The triple jump is a demanding field event in which a jumper must tolerate extremely high impact forces while maintaining high horizontal speed. The present study was designed to clarify the mechanical loading characteristics and the role of neuromuscular function in the triple jump. Seven national triple jumpers (4 males, 3 females) volunteered to perform 3-6 jumps. The mean best performances were 14.32+/-0.45 m and 11.90 +/- 0.28 m for males and females, respectively. The three longest triple jumps for each jumper were selected for final analysis. The mean contact times were 0.139 s (hop), 0.157 s (step) and 0.177 s (jump). The largest ground reaction forces were observed in the step (15.2 times body weight), while the highest peak pressures were recorded under the heel and forefoot. The plantar pressure of the lateral side of the forefoot was highly related to the length of the triple jump (P < 0.05-0.01). In addition, electromyograms of both legs suggested that mechanical loading places high demands on the neuromuscular system, as characterized by the high rate of activation in the pre-activity phase followed by high eccentric activity. Thus, the high activities of the gastrocnemius, vastus lateralis and hip extensor muscles seem to play an important role in preventing unnecessary yielding of the jumper during the braking phase.