Effect of irrigation and tree density on vegetative growth, oil yield and water use efficiency in young olive orchard under arid conditions in Mendoza, Argentina
Effect of irrigation and tree density on vegetative growth, oil yield and water use efficiency in young olive orchard under arid conditions in Mendoza, Argentina
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DOI：
10.1007/s00271-015-0479-z
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发表时间：
2015-11-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Sadras, Victor O.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Trentacoste, Eduardo R.;Puertas, Carlos M.;Sadras, Victor O.
我们测量了种植密度（238，317和476棵树公顷（-1）），灌溉（完全灌溉控制与赤字灌溉）及其相互作用对营养生长，产量和灌溉水利用效率（IWUE）的年轻橄榄树在三个季节。在水分亏缺处理中，当中午茎水势（SWP）降至-2.5 MPa以下时进行灌溉，对照的SWP保持在-1.2和-1.5 MPa之间。在所有灌溉处理中，高密度（968 kg ha（-1））的油产量比低密度高70%。与对照相比，由于亏缺灌溉导致的油产量减少并不显著（501对664千克公顷）。在较低的树木密度下，IWUE平均为1.5 kg ha（-1）mm（-1），在中等密度下增加了50%，在最高密度下增加了57%。亏缺灌溉使IWUE增加两倍。IWUE对交互作用密度x灌溉量作出反应，其中在最高密度和亏缺灌溉下获得最高IWUE（4.6 kg ha（-1）mm（-1））。IWUE与季节性水分胁迫积分呈非线性相关（），最大效率对应于180 MPa日。果实含水量与水分亏缺的负相关关系突出了亏缺灌溉提高油提取率的潜在效益。增加密度（更高的油产量）和亏缺灌溉（更高的IWUE，更低的水分浓度在水果）的积极成果需要权衡对营养生长的长期影响。在我们的条件下，三个季节的水分亏缺减少了35%的树冠和树干的大小与充分灌溉。
We measured the effects of planting density (238, 317 and 476 trees ha(-1)), irrigation (fully irrigated control vs. deficit irrigation) and their interaction on the vegetative growth, yield and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of young olive trees during three seasons. In the water deficit treatment, irrigation was applied when midday stem water potential (SWP) dropped below -2.5 MPa; SWP of controls was maintained between -1.2 and -1.5 MPa. Across irrigation treatments, oil yield at high density (968 kg ha(-1)) was 70 % higher than at low density. Reduction in oil yield due to deficit irrigation was not significant compared to control (501 vs. 664 kg ha(-1)). IWUE at lower tree density averaged 1.5 kg ha(-1) mm(-1), increased by 50 % in intermediate density and by 57 % at the highest density. Deficit irrigation increased IWUE twofold with respect to controls. IWUE responded to the interaction density x irrigation whereby the highest IWUE (4.6 kg ha(-1) mm(-1)) was obtained at highest density and deficit irrigation. IWUE was nonlinearly related to seasonal water stress integral (), where maximum efficiency corresponded to 180 MPa days. The negative correlation between fruit water concentration and highlights the potential benefit of deficit irrigation of increasing oil extractability. The positive outcomes of increasing the density (higher oil yield) and deficit irrigation (higher IWUE, lower water concentration in fruit) need to be weighed against the long-term effect on vegetative growth. Under our conditions, three seasons of water deficit reduced crown and trunk size by 35 % in relation to fully irrigated.