A global epidemiological perspective on the toxicology of drug-facilitated sexual assault: A systematic review
A global epidemiological perspective on the toxicology of drug-facilitated sexual assault: A systematic review
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jflm.2017.02.005
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发表时间：
2017-04-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Pilgrim, Jennifer Lucinda
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anderson, Laura Jane;Flynn, Asher;Pilgrim, Jennifer Lucinda
目的：进行系统回顾，确定目前全球成年人中药物性侵犯 (DFSA) 的流行情况，以确定过去 20 年世界各地 DFSA 毒理学结果的趋势。方法：使用以下术语系统检索 PubMed、PsycINFO 和 Scopus 数据库：“药物性性侵犯”、“化学物质提交”、“约会强奸”、“强奸药物”和“饮料加标”以确定相关研究以纳入审查。这项研究主要针对 16 岁及以上疑似 DFSA 的成年受害者，其中报告了毒理学结果。结果：纳入的大多数研究发表在美国，其次是英国，只有一项研究专门针对澳大利亚和欧洲的这一领域。 DFSA 的流行病学、患病率和毒理学在不同大洲似乎大体相当，尽管在“药物促成的性侵犯”的定义方式以及毒理学分析的敏感性方面存在一些差异。尽管如此，酒精是最常检测到的物质，并且与其他药物同时出现的情况也很常见。除酒精外，没有其他特定药物类别与 DFSA 相关。大麻素和苯二氮卓类药物经常被检测到，但由于缺乏背景信息，很难确定这些物质在多大程度上导致了 DFSA 疑似病例。 结论：这项全面审查表明，酒精中毒加上自愿吸毒是 DFSA 的最大风险因素，尽管民粹主义者认为秘密饮酒是一种常见现象。有必要制定政策，鼓励可疑 DFSA 的早期响应者（例如执法机构、医务人员、支持机构等）收集有关个人合法和非法药物消费历史的详细信息，以协助提供适当和更全面的背景信息。 (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd 和法医与法律医学学院。版权所有。
Purpose: A systematic review was undertaken to determine the current global prevalence of drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) reported in adults in order to identify trends in the toxicology findings in DFSA around the world over the past 20 years.Methods: Databases PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus were systematically searched using the terms: "drug-facilitated sexual assault", "chemical submission", "date rape", "rape drugs" and "drink-spiking" to identify relevant studies for inclusion in the review. This study focused on adult victims of suspected DFSA aged 16 years and above in which toxicology results were reported.Results: The majority of studies included were published in the United States, followed by the United Kingdom, with only a single study dedicated to this area in both Australia and Europe. Epidemiology, prevalence rates, and toxicology for DFSA appear broadly commensurate across different continents, although there are some differences in how "drug-facilitated sexual assault" is defined, as well as differences in the sensitivity of toxicological analyses. Nonetheless, alcohol is the most commonly detected substance and co-occurrence with other drugs is common. Aside from alcohol there was no other specific drug category associated with DFSA. Cannabinoids and benzodiazepines were frequently detected, but a lack of contextual information made it difficult to establish the extent that these substances contributed to suspected cases of DFSA.Conclusions: This comprehensive review suggests that alcohol intoxication combined with voluntary drug consumption presents the greatest risk factor for DFSA, despite populist perceptions that covert drink-spiking is a common occurrence. There is a need to develop policies that encourage early responders to suspected DFSA (e.g., law enforcement agencies, medical staff, support agencies, etc), to collect detailed information about the individual's licit and illicit drug consumption history, in order to assist in providing appropriate and more thorough contextual information. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.