Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Complex Microbial Communities.
Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Complex Microbial Communities.
复制标题
复杂微生物群落的质谱成像。
DOI：
10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00503
复制
发表时间：
2017-01-17
影响因子：
18.3
通讯作者：
Sweedler JV
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dunham SJ;Ellis JF;Li B;Sweedler JV
二十年来，自从质谱成像（MSI）首次应用于生物组织和细胞中多肽的可视化分布以来，这项技术变得越来越有效和可靠。MSI擅长于为现有的分子分析方法（如基因组学、转录组学和代谢组学）提供补充信息，并通过其同时生成多路复用和化学特异性信息的能力，与其他化学成像模式区别开。今天，多种MSI方法被应用于整个科学界，用于研究蛋白质、肽和小分子代谢物在许多生物模型中的分布。MSI的固有优势使该技术对微生物系统的研究具有重要价值。许多微生物生活在附着在表面的多细胞和多物种群落中，如生物膜和移动菌落，在那里它们共同利用周围的营养物质，抵御敌对生物，并在不利的环境条件下相互保护。这些过程，以及许多其他对微生物生存至关重要的过程，是通过多种化学物质的生产和利用来调节的。虽然细菌细胞的直径通常只有几微米，但它们所影响的生态系统可以涵盖整个生态系统，它们所带来的化学变化可以在几毫秒到几十年的时间尺度上发生。由于其难以置信的复杂性，我们对微生物系统的理解和影响需要详细的科学评估，以产生化学和空间信息。MSI完全有能力满足这些需求。通过对现有方法的微小调整，该技术可以应用于研究各种各样的化学相互作用，包括发生在单一物种微生物群落内的化学相互作用，同居微生物之间的化学相互作用，以及微生物与宿主之间的化学相互作用。在认识到这种科学进步的潜力后，研究人员已经根据微生物研究界的具体需求调整了MSI方法。因此，工作流程存在于微生物系统成像与许多常见的MSI电离方法。尽管取得了这些进展，但在仪器、样品制备和数据解释方面仍有很大的改进空间。本报告简要概述了微生物微si的技术现状，阐明了展示该技术潜力的选定应用，并强调了推动该领域向前发展所需的一系列发展挑战。在未来的几年里，随着微生物微si变得更容易使用和更普遍适用，这项技术将发展成为广泛应用于科学、医学和工业的许多部门的基本工具。
In the two decades since mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) was first applied to visualize the distribution of peptides across biological tissues and cells, the technique has become increasingly effective and reliable. MSI excels at providing complementary information to existing methods for molecular analysis—such as genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics—and stands apart from other chemical imaging modalities through its capability to generate information that is simultaneously multiplexed and chemically specific. Today a diverse family of MSI approaches are applied throughout the scientific community to study the distribution of proteins, peptides, and small-molecule metabolites across many biological models. The inherent strengths of MSI make the technique valuable for studying microbial systems. Many microbes reside in surface-attached multicellular and multispecies communities, such as biofilms and motile colonies, where they work together to harness surrounding nutrients, fend off hostile organisms, and shield one another from adverse environmental conditions. These processes, as well as many others essential for microbial survival, are mediated through the production and utilization of a diverse assortment of chemicals. Although bacterial cells are generally only a few microns in diameter, the ecologies they influence can encompass entire ecosystems, and the chemical changes that they bring about can occur over time scales ranging from milliseconds to decades. Because of their incredible complexity, our understanding of and influence over microbial systems requires detailed scientific evaluations that yield both chemical and spatial information. MSI is well-positioned to fulfill these requirements. With small adaptations to existing methods, the technique can be applied to study a wide variety of chemical interactions, including those that occur inside single-species microbial communities, between cohabitating microbes, and between microbes and their hosts. In recognition of this potential for scientific advancement, researchers have adapted MSI methodologies for the specific needs of the microbiology research community. As a result, workflows exist for imaging microbial systems with many of the common MSI ionization methods. Despite this progress, there is substantial room for improvements in instrumentation, sample preparation, and data interpretation. This Account provides a brief overview of the state of technology in microbial MSI, illuminates selected applications that demonstrate the potential of the technique, and highlights a series of development challenges that are needed to move the field forward. In the coming years, as microbial MSI becomes easier to use and more universally applicable, the technique will evolve into a fundamental tool widely applied throughout many divisions of science, medicine, and industry.