HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution
HTAP_v2.2: a mosaic of regional and global emission grid maps for 2008 and 2010 to study hemispheric transport of air pollution
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-15-11411-2015
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Li, M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Janssens-Maenhout, G.;Crippa, M.;Li, M.
《远距离越境空气污染公约》下的空气污染半球传输工作队的任务是提高对洲际空气污染传输的科学认识，量化对人类健康、植被和气候的影响，确定北方各区域的减排方案，协调和改进区域排放清单对于获得关于全球范围空气污染形成情况的综合估计数至关重要。利用区域排放网格图建立了一个排放数据集2008年和2010年的二氧化硫、氮氧化物、一氧化碳、NMVOC、氨、可吸入颗粒物10、可吸入颗粒物2.5、碳和有机碳（年度和月度），目的是为全球和区域规模的模拟工作提供一致的信息。这份不同区域网格清单的汇编--包括环境保护局的清单。美国、EPA和加拿大环境部（加拿大）、欧洲监测和评价方案（EMEP）和荷兰应用科学研究组织（TNO）（欧洲）以及亚洲的示范相互比较研究（多指标类集调查-亚洲三），印度和其他亚洲国家-填补了全球大气研究排放数据库的排放网格图的空白（EDGARv4.3）为世界其他地区（主要是南美洲、非洲、俄罗斯和大洋洲）提供服务。人类活动七大类的排放（电力、工业、住宅、农业、地面运输、航空和航运）进行了估计，并在0.1度x0.1度的共同经纬度网格上进行了空间分布，以产生每月、全球、每种物质和年份的具体部门网格图。v2.2空气污染物网格图被认为是将联合收割机现有的最新区域信息纳入一个完整的全球数据集。按部门分列、高空间和时间分辨率以及关于所用数据来源和参考资料的详细信息将为用户提供必要的透明度。由于HTAP_v2.2主要包含官方和/或广泛使用的区域排放网格图，因此可建议将其作为全球基线排放清单，这是一个区域接受的参考，从不同的情景评估全球范围的减排政策可以开始。具体的隐含排放系数表明，工业化国家和发展中国家在酸化气体空气污染物排放方面存在很大差异（二氧化硫和氮氧化物）。颗粒物排放（PM10，PM2.5）没有观察到这一点，相反，这表明各国在住宅部门之间存在很大差异。世界各国按低收入到高收入分类的人均排放量表明，气体酸化污染物的水平和变化有所增加，但气溶胶的情况并非如此。就气溶胶而言，相反的趋势很明显，低收入国家的颗粒物人均排放量较高。
The mandate of the Task Force Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP) under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP) is to improve the scientific understanding of the intercontinental air pollution transport, to quantify impacts on human health, vegetation and climate, to identify emission mitigation options across the regions of the Northern Hemisphere, and to guide future policies on these aspects.The harmonization and improvement of regional emission inventories is imperative to obtain consolidated estimates on the formation of global-scale air pollution. An emissions data set has been constructed using regional emission grid maps (annual and monthly) for SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOC, NH3, PM10, PM2.5, BC and OC for the years 2008 and 2010, with the purpose of providing consistent information to global and regional scale modelling efforts.This compilation of different regional gridded inventories - including that of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for USA, the EPA and Environment Canada (for Canada), the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP) and Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) for Europe, and the Model Intercomparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia III) for China, India and other Asian countries - was gap-filled with the emission grid maps of the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGARv4.3) for the rest of the world (mainly South America, Africa, Russia and Oceania). Emissions from seven main categories of human activities (power, industry, residential, agriculture, ground transport, aviation and shipping) were estimated and spatially distributed on a common grid of 0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees longitude-latitude, to yield monthly, global, sector-specific grid maps for each substance and year.The HTAP_v2.2 air pollutant grid maps are considered to combine latest available regional information within a complete global data set. The disaggregation by sectors, high spatial and temporal resolution and detailed information on the data sources and references used will provide the user the required transparency. Because HTAP_v2.2 contains primarily official and/or widely used regional emission grid maps, it can be recommended as a global baseline emission inventory, which is regionally accepted as a reference and from which different scenarios assessing emission reduction policies at a global scale could start.An analysis of country-specific implied emission factors shows a large difference between industrialised countries and developing countries for acidifying gaseous air pollutant emissions (SO2 and NOx) from the energy and industry sectors. This is not observed for the particulate matter emissions (PM10, PM2.5), which show large differences between countries in the residential sector instead. The per capita emissions of all world countries, classified from low to high income, reveal an increase in level and in variation for gaseous acidifying pollutants, but not for aerosols. For aerosols, an opposite trend is apparent with higher per capita emissions of particulate matter for low income countries.