Upon Opening the Black Box and Finding It Full
Upon Opening the Black Box and Finding It Full
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打开黑匣子并发现它已满
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Steen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Steen
当代设计实践，如参与式设计(PD)、以人为本的设计(HCD)和协同设计(CoDesign)，都具有内在的伦理品质，这些品质往往是含蓄的，没有经过检验。以三种伦理传统作为镜头，研究了高科技行业的三个设计项目。美德伦理有助于理解合作、好奇心、创造力和赋权是民主党人需要培养的美德，这样他们就可以参与到例如相互学习和合作原型的工作中。交替的伦理(Levinas和Drida)帮助理解了以人为中心的设计是项目团队成员和潜在用户之间的一次脆弱的相遇，并突出了这些相遇中的伦理：我们“抓住他人”和“程序发明”的倾向。实用主义伦理学(杜威)帮助理解了协同设计是一个共同探究和想象的过程，涉及组织具有道德品质的问题设定和解决方案的迭代过程。当我们打开设计实践的“黑匣子”时，我们会发现它们充满了伦理道德。此外，有人建议，设计从业者需要明确他们的实践的内在伦理品质，他们可以通过拥抱反身性来做到这一点。
Contemporary design practices, such as participatory design (PD), human-centered design (HCD), and codesign, have inherent ethical qualities, which often remain implicit and unexamined. Three design projects in the high-tech industry were studied using three ethical traditions as lenses. Virtue ethics helped to understand cooperation, curiosity, creativity, and empowerment as virtues that people in PD need to cultivate, so that they can engage, for example, in mutual learning and collaborative prototyping. Ethics of alterity (Levinas and Derrida) helped to understand human-centered design as a fragile encounter between project team members and prospective users, and foregrounds the ethics in these encounters: our tendencies to “grasp the other” and to “program invention.” And pragmatist ethics (Dewey) helped to understand codesign as a process of joint inquiry and imagination, involving the organization of iterative processes of problem setting and solution finding, with moral qualities. When we open the “black boxes” of design practices, we find them filled with ethics. Moreover, it is proposed that design practitioners need to make explicit their practices’ inherent ethical qualities and that they can do that by embracing reflexivity.