Life cycle assessment of Japanese pig farming using low-protein diet supplemented with amino acids
Life cycle assessment of Japanese pig farming using low-protein diet supplemented with amino acids
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DOI：
10.1080/00380768.2012.730476
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Tanaka, Yasuo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ogino, Akifumi;Osada, Takashi;Tanaka, Yasuo
畜牧业被指出是全球温室气体(GHG)的主要排放者之一，特别是甲烷(CH4)和一氧化二氮(N2O)，减少这些排放是一个重要目标。因此，通过侧重于粪便管理的比较生命周期评估(LCA)和从摇篮到农场的比较生命周期评估(LCA)，评估了两种养猪系统的温室气体排放和其他环境影响，其中一种使用传统日粮(CNV)，另一种使用低蛋白日粮加结晶氨基酸(LOW)。功能单位被定义为一头上市的猪。对于粪便管理的比较LCA，以CNV粪便管理的CH4和N2O排放量为基线，而LOW的系统边界包括粪便管理的CH4和N2O排放量，以及饲料生产(包括氨基酸制造、饲料运输和粪便管理所消耗的材料和能量)的温室气体排放的变化。对于生猪养殖从摇篮到农场的大门LCA，评价体系包括饲料生产过程，包括低价氨基酸制造、饲料运输、动物舍(包括动物的生物活性)和粪便管理。比较LCA的结果表明，Low管理的温室气体排放量比CNV管理的减少20%，在较严格的出水氮含量目标的情况下，Low管理的温室气体减排率比CNV管理的更大。从摇篮到农场的LCA结果表明，Low比CNV具有更低的温室气体排放量、酸化潜力、富营养化潜力和总体环境影响，而能耗略大。敏感性分析表明，即使在最不理想的情况下，假设氮气排泄率降低40%，Low仍然比CNV的温室气体排放量少。
Livestock production is indicated to be one of the major emitters of greenhouse gases (GHG), particularly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), around the globe, and the reduction of these emissions is an important goal. GHG emissions as well as other environmental impacts of two pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) farming systems, one using conventional diets (CNV) and the other using low-protein diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids (LOW), were therefore evaluated by comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) focusing on manure management and by cradle-to-farm gate LCA. The functional unit was defined as one marketed pig. For the comparative LCA of manure management, the CH4 and N2O emissions from manure management of CNV were set as a baseline, and the system boundary of LOW included the CH4 and N2O emissions from manure management, and changes in the GHG emissions from feed production including amino acid manufacturing, feed transport, and the materials and energy consumed in manure management. For the cradle-to-farm gate LCA of pig farming, the evaluated system included the processes of feed production including amino acid manufacturing for LOW, feed transport, animal housing including the biological activity of the animal, and manure management. The results of the comparative LCA showed that the GHG emissions from manure management of LOW were 20% less than those of CNV, and the GHG reduction rate of LOW compared to CNV was even greater in the case of a stricter target of effluent nitrogen content. The results of cradle-to-farm gate LCA showed that LOW had lower GHG emissions, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and overall environmental impact, and slightly larger energy consumption, than CNV. The sensitivity analysis showed that LOW still had less GHG emissions than CNV, even in the least preferable case assuming a 40% lower reduction rate of nitrogen excretion.