Pornography, Trans Visibility, and the Demise of Tumblr
Pornography, Trans Visibility, and the Demise of Tumblr
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色情、透明性和 Tumblr 的消亡
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发表时间：
2020
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通讯作者：
C. Bronstein
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作者：
C. Bronstein
社交媒体和微博网站 Tumblr 于 2018 年 12 月颁布的成人内容禁令产生了深远的影响。该禁令使该平台失去了用户基础，其经济价值也大幅下降。作为 2017 年 48 亿美元收购雅虎互联网业务的一部分，媒体集团 Verizon 收购了 Tumblr，并于 2019 年 8 月以不到 300 万美元的价格出售。本文回顾了导致成人内容禁令的因素，包括 Verizon 计划消除色情内容以吸引更多广告商到 Tumblr、#MeToo 和 Time's Up 后对性骚扰诉讼的高度关注，以及旨在打击在线性交易的两项新联邦法律 SESTA 和 FOSTA 的通过。它分析了 Tumblr 在连接和支持边缘化性群体（尤其是跨性别群体）以及其他依赖性言论自由生活的人（例如性工作者）方面所发挥的关键作用，并讨论了在线交流对于性自我发现和自我实现过程的中心作用。随着 Facebook 等平台制定越来越严格的社区标准，企业对性言论和色情内容的控制日益加强，对酷儿个人构成了直接威胁，并限制了跨性别身体和跨性行为真实、积极表现的可能性。
The December 2018 adult content ban instituted by the social media and microblogging site Tumblr had far-reaching effects. The ban cost the platform its user base, and its economic value plummeted. Purchased by the media conglomerate Verizon as part of a $4.8 billion acquisition of Yahoo's internet business in 2017, Tumblr was sold in August 2019 for less than $3 million. This article reviews the factors that led to the adult content ban, including Verizon's plan to eliminate pornography to attract more advertisers to Tumblr, heightened concern about sexual harassment lawsuits in the wake of #MeToo and Time's Up, and the passage of two new federal laws, SESTA and FOSTA, aimed at combatting sex trafficking online. It analyzes the critical role that Tumblr played in connecting and supporting marginalized sexual communities, especially trans communities, and others whose livelihood depends on freedom of sexual speech, such as sex workers, and discusses the centrality of online communication to processes of sexual self-discovery and self-actualization. Corporate control of sexual speech, and pornography bans, which are increasing as platforms like Facebook institute ever-tighter community standards, pose a direct threat to queer individuals and limit the possibility for authentic, positive representation of trans bodies and trans sexuality.