Age differences in risk taking: now you see them, now you don’t
Age differences in risk taking: now you see them, now you don’t
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DOI：
10.1080/13825585.2021.1885608
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发表时间：
2021-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jenna M. Wilson;Barış Sevi;JoNell Strough;Natalie J. Shook
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jenna M. Wilson;Barış Sevi;JoNell Strough;Natalie J. Shook
摘要老年人往往(但并非总是)与较少的冒险行为有关。不一致可能是由于所使用的冒险措施的多样性和/或认知能力的个体差异。我们调查了年龄差异在三项测量中的稳健性，并测试了在考虑认知能力后是否仍然存在风险承担的年龄差异。年轻人(25-36岁)和老年人(60岁以上)完成了风险的行为(即气球模拟风险任务)和自我报告(即框架任务和选择困境问卷)测量，以及几种认知能力测量(即分析思维、计算、加工速度、记忆力和注意力)。在风险的行为指标上，老年人的冒险行为明显低于年轻人，但在这两项自我报告指标上却并非如此。与年轻人相比，老年人的分析性思维明显较差，处理速度较慢，执行控制能力较差。在BART上承担的风险较低与较低的分析思维和计算能力、较慢的处理速度和较差的注意力转移有关。在考虑到老年人在认知能力测试中的较低分数后，在BART上冒险的年龄差异仍然存在。文中还讨论了衡量冒险行为年龄差异的意义。
ABSTRACT Older age has often, but not always, been associated with less risk taking. Inconsistencies may be due to diversity in the risk-taking measures used and/or individual differences in cognitive abilities. We investigated the robustness of age differences in risk taking across three measures, and tested whether age differences in risk taking remained after accounting for cognitive abilities. Younger (aged 25–36) and older (aged 60+) adults completed behavioral (i.e., Balloon Analogue Risk Task, BART) and self-report (i.e., framing tasks and Choice Dilemmas Questionnaire) measures of risk, as well as several measures of cognitive ability (i.e., analytic thinking, numeracy, processing speed, memory, and attention). Older adults showed significantly less risk taking than younger adults on the behavioral measure of risk, but not on the two self-report measures. Older adults also had significantly lower analytic thinking, slower processing speed, and worse executive control compared to younger adults. Less risk taking on the BART was associated with lower analytic thinking and numeracy, slower processing speed, and worse shifting of attention. Age differences in risk taking on the BART remained after accounting for older adults’ lower scores on tests of cognitive abilities. Implications for measuring age differences in risk taking are discussed.