SEEDING OF 2 RED TIDE BLOOMS BY THE GERMINATION OF BENTHIC GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS HYPNOCYSTS
SEEDING OF 2 RED TIDE BLOOMS BY THE GERMINATION OF BENTHIC GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS HYPNOCYSTS
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DOI：
10.1016/0302-3524(79)90098-7
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发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
MOREL, FMM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ANDERSON, DM;MOREL, FMM
补充的实验室和现场数据表明，播种的春季和秋季开花的有毒甲藻Gonyaulax tamarensis的温度诱导的底栖hyponocytes发芽。营养盐，盐度，温度和降雨量的数据收集之前，期间和之后的春天盛开在科德角盐池表明，发芽的越冬hyponocytes开始由温度升高。在5.0 ℃下储存后，将休眠孢囊暴露于逐渐升高的温度的实验室实验。C为4个月。验证了这一结果。秋季开花显然也是通过休眠孢囊萌发而播种的，但随着温度从夏季水平20 - 22 ℃下降而开始脱囊。C.在实验室中使用22 ℃下储存的休眠孢囊也证实了这一结果。温度逐渐降低。这两种水华最终衰退的原因尚不清楚，但有人提出，能动的种群被转化为新的休眠孢囊，定居在沉积物中。紧接着这两个盛开的高峰，有一个急剧下降的百分比hyponocytes，在实验室孵化分离后，从新鲜的，未储存的沉积物样品发芽。下降后，这些时期的持续时间有限excystation表明，冷藏（或越冬）是不是一个必要的条件下发芽前的机制，但在较高的温度下，一个长期的条件将是足够的。极端本地化的盐池内的水华显然是由于有限的潮汐平流的能动人口和有利的微量金属化学的河口环境相比，邻近的沿海沃茨。
Complementary laboratory and field data are presented that demonstrate the seeding of a spring and a fall bloom of the toxic dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis by the temperature-induced germination of benthic hypnocysts. Nutrient, salinity, temperature and rainfall data collected before, during and after a spring bloom in a Cape Cod salt pond indicate that germination of the overwintering hypnocysts was initiated by a temperature increase. Laboratory experiments with hypnocysts exposed to a gradual temperature increase after storage at 5.degree. C for 4 mo. verified this result. The fall bloom was apparently seeded by hypnocyst germination as well, but with excystment initiated by a temperature decrease from the summer level of 20-22.degree. C. This result was also confirmed in the laboratory using hypnocysts stored at 22.degree. C and subjected to a gradual decrease in temperature. The reasons for the eventual decline of both blooms are not known, but it is proposed that the motile populations were transformed into new hypnocysts that settled to the sediments. Immediately after both bloom peaks, there was a sharp decrease in the percentage of hypnocysts that germinated during laboratory incubation after isolation from fresh, unstored sediment samples. The duration of these periods of limited excystment after the declines suggests that cold storage (or overwintering) is not a required conditioning mechanism prior to germination but that a prolonged period of conditioning at higher temperatures will suffice. The extreme localization of the blooms within the salt pond apparently was due to limited tidal advection of the motile population and the favorable trace metal chemistry of the estuarine environment compared to the adjacent coastal waters.