The relationship between the emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the international trade in amphibians and introduced amphibian species
The relationship between the emergence of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, the international trade in amphibians and introduced amphibian species
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fbr.2007.02.002
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
Garner, Tyenton W. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, Matthew C.;Garner, Tyenton W. J.
壶菌病是一种新出现的两栖动物传染病，由壶菌（Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis）引起。该疾病与全球两栖动物数量减少和物种灭绝有关，但壶菌病出现的主要驱动因素仍不清楚。目前的证据表明，世界两栖动物贸易与壶菌病的出现有关。在这里，我们回顾了两栖动物贸易通过以下方式推动壶菌病出现的证据：(1) 在世界范围内传播受感染的动物，(2) 将非本地受感染的动物引入幼稚种群，以及 (3) 通过共同饲养扩大两栖动物的感染，然后将传染性游动孢子未经处理地排放到水源中。我们的结论是，有充分的证据表明两栖动物贸易促进了 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 的传播，并且有必要采取具体行动来防止病原体传入迄今为止未受感染的地区。具体来说，我们建议制定国家风险消除计划，重点是首先防止 Bd 进入无疾病地区，其次减少该疾病对当前感染人群的影响。 (c) 2007 年英国真菌学会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Chytridiomycosis is an emerging infectious disease of amphibians caused by the chytrid Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The disease has been associated with global amphibian declines and species extinctions, however the principle drivers that underly the emergence of chytridiomycosis remain unclear. Cur-rent evidence suggests that the world trade in amphibians is implicated in the emergence of chytridiomycosis. Here, we review the evidence that the amphibian trade is driving the emergence of chytridiomycosis by (1) spreading infected animals worldwide, (2) introducing non-native infected animals into naive populations and (3) amplifying infection of amphibians by co-housing, followed by untreated discharge of infectious zoospores into water supplies. We conclude that the evidence that the amphibian trade is contributing to the spread of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis is strong, and that specific actions are necessary to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into thus-far uninfected areas. Specifically, we recommend the development of national risk-abatement plans, focused on firstly preventing introduction of Bd into disease free areas, and secondly, decreasing the impact of the disease on populations that are currently infected. (c) 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.