He did what? The role of diagnosticity in revising implicit evaluations.
He did what? The role of diagnosticity in revising implicit evaluations.
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DOI：
10.1037/pspa0000014
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发表时间：
2015-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Ferguson MJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cone J;Ferguson MJ
研究表明，内隐评估对于与先前学习相矛盾的新的、抵消性信息的单个实例相对不敏感。然而，在六个实验中，我们确定了新信息的感知诊断性的关键作用：被认为对目标真实本质具有高度诊断性的反态度信息会导致先前隐性评估的完全逆转。实验 1a 和 1b 通过表明新形成的隐式评估在暴露于单条高度诊断信息后几分钟后发生逆转，证实了这种效应。实验 2 表明，参与者表现出新形成的积极与消极内隐评价快速逆转的可能性存在价态不对称性。实验 3 提供的证据表明，目标必须对反态度行为承担个人责任，而不仅仅是偶然与负面行为相关。实验4表明，只有当参与者判断目标的反态度行为是冒犯性的，从而诊断出他的性格时，他们才会表现出修正。实验 5 展示了新修订的内隐评估的行为影响。这些研究表明，通过对一条反态度信息的深思熟虑，新形成的内隐评估可以被完全推翻。
Research suggests that implicit evaluations are relatively insensitive to single instances of new, countervailing information that contradicts prior learning. In six experiments, however, we identify the critical role of the perceived diagnosticity of that new information: counter-attitudinal information that is deemed highly diagnostic of the target's true nature leads to a complete reversal of the previous implicit evaluation. Experiments 1a and 1b establish this effect by showing that newly-formed implicit evaluations are reversed minutes later with exposure to a single piece of highly diagnostic information. Experiment 2 demonstrates a valence asymmetry in participants’ likelihood of exhibiting rapid reversals of newly formed positive versus negative implicit evaluations. Experiment 3 provides evidence that a target must be personally responsible for the counter-attitudinal behavior and not merely incidentally associated with a negative act. Experiment 4 shows that participants exhibit revision only when they judge the target's counter-attitudinal behavior as offensive and thus diagnostic of his character. Experiment 5 demonstrates the behavioral implications of newly-revised implicit evaluations. These studies show that newly-formed implicit evaluations can be completely overturned through deliberative considerations about a single piece of counter-attitudinal information.