Oort cloud (exo)planets

Oort cloud (exo)planets
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奥尔特云(外)行星

DOI:
10.1093/mnrasl/slad079
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kaib, Nathan A.
Kaib, Nathan A.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Raymond, Sean N.;Izidoro, Andre;Kaib, Nathan A.

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巨行星之间的动力学不稳定性被认为几乎无处不在,最终导致一颗或多颗行星被喷射到星际空间。在这里,我们对动力学不稳定性进行 N 体模拟,同时考虑来自银河潮汐场的扭矩。我们发现,一小部分本来会被弹出的行星反而被困在非常宽的轨道上,类似于奥尔特云彗星的轨道。被捕获的喷射行星的比例范围为 1% 到 10%,具体取决于最初的行星质量分布。当地星系密度对捕获效率和被捕获行星的轨道半径影响不大。大多数奥尔特云行星在吉尔时间尺度内存活。考虑到系外行星的人口统计数据,我们估计每 200-3000 颗恒星中就有一颗可能拥有一颗奥尔特云行星。这个值可能被高估了,因为我们没有考虑到在足够早的时间发生的不稳定性,这些不稳定性会受到宿主恒星诞生星团或行星从经过的恒星剥离的影响。如果太阳系的动力学不稳定发生在诞生星团消融之后,那么太阳的奥尔特云中捕获冰巨星的可能性约为 7%。
Dynamical instabilities among giant planets are thought to be nearly ubiquitous and culminate in the ejection of one or more planets into interstellar space. Here, we performN-body simulations of dynamical instabilities while accounting for torques from the galactic tidal field. We find that a fraction of planets that would otherwise have been ejected are instead trapped on very wide orbits analogous to those of Oort cloud comets. The fraction of ejected planets that are trapped ranges from 1 to 10 per cent, depending on the initial planetary mass distribution. The local galactic density has a modest effect on the trapping efficiency and the orbital radii of trapped planets. The majority of Oort cloud planets survive for Gyr time-scales. Taking into account the demographics of exoplanets, we estimate that one in every 200–3000 stars could host an Oort cloud planet. This value is likely an overestimate, as we do not account for instabilities that take place at early enough times to be affected by their host stars’ birth cluster or planet stripping from passing stars. If the Solar system’s dynamical instability happened after birth cluster dissolution, there is a ∼7 per cent chance that an ice giant was captured in the Sun’s Oort cloud.
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