A review on the progress, challenges and prospects in commercializing microalgal fucoxanthin
A review on the progress, challenges and prospects in commercializing microalgal fucoxanthin
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微藻岩藻黄质商业化进展、挑战与前景综述
DOI：
10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107865
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
16
通讯作者：
Zhangli Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Song Wang;Sha Wu;Guanpin Yang;Kehou Pan;Lulu Wang;Zhangli Hu
岩藻黄质是最丰富但几乎未开发的类胡萝卜素资源，由于其广泛的生物活性和健康益处，在过去十年中从各个角度成为人们关注的焦点。岩藻黄质在保健和医药方面的开发具有巨大的科学和经济潜力。传统的从褐藻（大型藻类）生产岩藻黄素受到产量有限和高成本的限制。微藻作为最具多样性的光合自养生物，因其丰富的岩藻黄质含量和优异的生物量生产能力，有望成为可持续的岩藻黄质资源和理想的商业化岩藻黄质生产细胞工厂。本文综述了岩藻黄素生产的上游（微藻筛选、培养条件优化、营养模式、培养策略和生物合成途径）和下游（提取）工艺的最新进展。指出了岩藻黄质产生菌的筛选、强光条件下岩藻黄质积累与生物量的矛盾、岩藻黄质生物合成途径的步骤不明确以及岩藻黄质野外放大培养和提取的评价有限等主要瓶颈。最重要的是，新兴的和传统的技术促进微藻岩藻黄素的商业化的应用突出。综述和评价包括优良菌株的选育和高通量筛选方法;诱导生物量和岩藻黄质积累的闪光效应;随着基因工程和组学技术的发展，岩藻黄质生物合成及其积累的调控机制得到阐明;适合于扩大岩藻黄质生产的光生物反应器、收获和提取技术。总之，随着基础藻类学和生物技术的共同发展，微藻岩藻黄质的商业化前景是广阔的。
Fucoxanthin, the most abundant but nearly untapped carotenoid resource, is in the spotlight in the last decade from various perspectives due to a wide range of bioactivities and healthy benefits. The exploitation of fucoxanthin for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical purposes encompasses enormous scientific and economic potentials. Traditional production of fucoxanthin from brown algae (macroalgae) is constrained by limited yield and prohibitively high cost. Microalgae, as the most diverse photoautotrophs, hold the promises as sustainable sources and ideal cell factories for commercial fucoxanthin production, owing to their rich fucoxanthin content and excellent biomass productivity. In this work, the recent progress in upstream (microalgae selection, optimization of culture conditions, trophic modes, cultivation strategies and biosynthesis pathway) as well as downstream processes (extraction) of fucoxanthin production has been comprehensively and critically reviewed. The major bottlenecks, such as screening of fucoxanthin-producers, conflict between biomass and fucoxanthin accumulation under high light condition, unclear steps in biosynthesis pathway and limited evaluation of outdoor scale-up cultivation and extraction, have been pinpointed. Most importantly, the applications of emerging and conventional techniques facilitating commercialization of microalgal fucoxanthin are highlighted. The reviewed and evaluated include breeding and high-throughput screening methods of elite strains; flashing light effect inducing concurrent biomass and fucoxanthin accumulation; fucoxanthin biosynthesis and the regulatory mechanisms associating with its accumulation elucidated with the development of genetic engineering and omics techniques; and photobioreactors, harvesting and extraction techniques suitable for scaling up fucoxanthin production. In conclusion, the prospects of microalgal fucoxanthin commercialization can be expected with the joint development of fundamental phycology and biotechnology.