Therapeutic potential of placenta-derived stem cells for liver diseases: Current status and perspectives
Therapeutic potential of placenta-derived stem cells for liver diseases: Current status and perspectives
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DOI：
10.1111/jog.12213
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发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Grubbs, Brendan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Miki, Toshio;Grubbs, Brendan
在过去的十年里，人们对人类胎盘作为干细胞的独特来源越来越感兴趣。胎盘是胎儿的一个器官，通常在分娩后被丢弃。因此，它是很容易获得的细胞来源，没有通常与胚胎干细胞相关的伦理问题。这些细胞还携带着较少的与年龄和环境相关的DNA损伤风险。除了胎盘来源细胞的这些实际优势外，羊膜上皮细胞还具有独特的干细胞样生物学特性。与胎盘的其他部分不同，羊膜上皮细胞来源于多能性外胚层，并具有分化为所有三种胚层的能力。从翻译的角度来看，羊膜干细胞是非常有吸引力的候选者临床应用。这些细胞在遗传上是稳定的，在移植时不表现出致瘤性，并且可能具有免疫调节和/或抗炎特性。这些独特的特性使得羊膜上皮细胞具有作为肝脏疾病干细胞治疗的吸引力。人类和啮齿动物羊膜上皮细胞已经在多种动物模型中证明了其治疗效果。尽管移植细胞产生治疗效果的详细机制尚不完全清楚，但这些戏剧性的结果引起了人们对考虑将羊膜干细胞用于临床应用的极大兴趣。本文综述了羊水干细胞治疗肝脏疾病的最新发现，并对未来的发展提供了展望。
Over the last decade, there has been a growing interest in the human placenta as a unique source of stem cells. The placenta is a fetal organ that is normally discarded following delivery. Therefore, it is readily available as a source of cells without the ethical concerns normally associated with embryonic stem cells. These cells also carry less risk for age- and environmental-related DNA damage. In addition to these practical advantages of placenta-derived cells, amniotic epithelial cells possess unique stem cell-like biological characteristics. In contrast to other parts of the placenta, cells from the amniotic epithelium are derived from pluripotent epiblasts and possess the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. From a translational perspective, amnion-derived stem cells are very attractive candidates for clinical application. These cells are genetically stable and do not demonstrate tumorigenicity upon transplantation, and may be endowed with immunomodulatory and/or anti-inflammatory properties. These unique characteristics have made amniotic epithelial cells attractive for use as stem cell-based therapies for liver disease. Human and rodent amniotic epithelial cells have already demonstrated their therapeutic efficacy in multiple animal models. Although the detailed mechanism by which the transplanted cells generate a therapeutic effect is not yet totally understood, these dramatic results have generated significant interest for consideration of these amnion-derived stem cells for clinical applications. This review covers recent findings of the therapeutic potential of amnion-derived stem cells for liver diseases, and provides perspectives for future developments.