Genetic data reveal a cryptic species of New World flying squirrel: Glaucomys oregonensis
Genetic data reveal a cryptic species of New World flying squirrel: Glaucomys oregonensis
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DOI：
10.1093/jmammal/gyx055
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发表时间：
2017-08-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Kenagy, G. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arbogast, Brian S.;Schumacher, Katelyn I.;Kenagy, G. J.
青鼠属（新世界鼯鼠）目前被认为由 2 个物种组成：北方鼯鼠 (G. sabrinus) 和南方鼯鼠 (G. volans)。我们从线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 控制区序列和微卫星数据中合成了新信息，以证明该属由 3 个而不是 2 个物种组成，并且正如目前所认识的，青霉菌实际上是由 2 个独立的、明显非杂交的物种组成。来自北美 185 个个体的控制区 mtDNA 数据揭示了 G. sabrinus 中嵌入的 2 个不同的进化枝：广泛分布的“大陆”谱系和地理上更受限制的“太平洋沿海”谱系。这两个谱系的地理分布在很大程度上是相互排斥的，仅在太平洋西北地区的 3 个地点观察到同源性。对 8 个微卫星位点的分析表明，没有证据表明 G. sabrinus 的 2 个谱系在同源区域存在杂交。鉴于 G. sabrinus 大陆谱系种群已被证明与加拿大东南部的 G. volans 杂交，这种基因流的缺乏值得注意。最后，系统发育分析和分化时间估计表明，G. volans 和大陆 G. sabrinus 实际上是姐妹类群，它们彼此分化的时间比太平洋沿岸 G. sabrinus 的分化时间要晚。我们认为，这些观察结果为第三种以前未被识别的北美飞鼠物种提供了强有力的证据，其地理范围沿着太平洋海岸从不列颠哥伦比亚省南部延伸到加利福尼亚州南部。 Glaucomys oregonensis (Bachman, 1839) 的模式产地位于俄勒冈州，是该分类群的高级可用名称。我们建议将这一新发现的物种命名为“洪堡鼯鼠”。
The genus Glaucomys (New World flying squirrels) is currently considered to be comprised of 2 species, the northern flying squirrel (G. sabrinus) and the southern flying squirrel (G. volans). We synthesize new information from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences and microsatellite data to demonstrate that the genus consists of 3, rather than 2 species, and that Glaucomys sabrinus, as currently recognized, is actually composed of 2 separate, apparently non-hybridizing species. Control region mtDNA data from 185 individuals across North America revealed 2 distinct clades embedded within G. sabrinus: a widespread "Continental" lineage and a more geographically restricted "Pacific Coastal" lineage. The geographic distributions of these 2 lineages are largely mutually exclusive, with sympatry observed at only 3 sites in the Pacific Northwest. Analysis of 8 microsatellite loci showed no evidence of hybridization between the 2 lineages of G. sabrinus in the region of sympatry. This lack of gene flow is noteworthy given that populations of the Continental lineage of G. sabrinus have been shown to hybridize with G. volans in southeastern Canada. Finally, phylogenetic analyses and estimates of divergence times show that G. volans and Continental G. sabrinus are actually sister taxa that diverged from one another more recently than either did from Pacific Coastal G. sabrinus. We propose that these observations provide strong evidence for a third, previously unrecognized species of North American flying squirrel, whose geographic range extends along the Pacific Coast from southern British Columbia to southern California. Glaucomys oregonensis (Bachman, 1839), whose type locality is in Oregon, is the senior available name for this taxon. We propose that this newly recognized species be given the common name "Humboldt's flying squirrel."