"Pick up anything that moves": a qualitative analysis of a police crackdown against people who use drugs in Tijuana, Mexico
"Pick up anything that moves": a qualitative analysis of a police crackdown against people who use drugs in Tijuana, Mexico
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DOI：
10.1186/s40352-020-00111-9
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发表时间：
2020-04-29
期刊：
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Beletsky, Leo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Morales, Mario;Rafful, Claudia;Beletsky, Leo
吸毒的无家可归者（PWUD）经常在警察镇压期间流离失所，被拘留和/或被迫接受药物治疗。这种行动对执法采取零容忍态度，对残疾人的健康产生有害影响。在墨西哥，市政警察（MPO）在蒂华纳河运河（蒂华纳Mejora）进行了有记录以来最大规模的打击行动，以摧毁一个公开的毒品市场。我们分析了现役MPO对镇压的理由，实施和结果的态度。我们还包括非政府盟友参与变相监禁作为药物治疗转介和非法拘留PWUD的潜在法律的后果。方法2016年2 - 6月，对天津市20名MPO进行半结构式访谈。访谈采用基于共识的方法进行转录、翻译和编码。新兴的主题，趋势和框架进行了分析，通过解释学扎根理论协议。与会者认识到TijuMejora在有效控制犯罪和解决戒毒问题方面的局限性。MPO认为，该行动的目的是转移和拘留无家可归的PWUD，而不是帮助他们或使他们康复。警方的行动在很大程度上是作为一项公共安全措施，以减少洪水造成的伤害风险，减少PWUD的毒品消费，并保护当地旅游业免受PWUD的影响。一些与会者认为打击行动是一项成功的公共卫生和安全措施，而另一些与会者则强调了MPO的职业风险和潜在的侵犯PWUD人权的行为。蒂罗尔·梅乔拉说明了为什么公共和私人行为者在执行零容忍毒品政策时保持一致。对护理的看法往往是基于病人的囚禁，而不是基于残疾人的健康和福祉。警官的看法揭示了这种惩罚性警务工具在这方面的许多局限性。有必要转向以证据为基础的解决吸毒问题的市政战略，将警察视为减少危害的伙伴，而不是对手。
Background Homeless people who use drugs (PWUD) are often displaced, detained, and/or forced into drug treatment during police crackdowns. Such operations follow a zero-tolerance approach to law enforcement and have a deleterious impact on the health of PWUD. In Mexico, municipal police officers (MPOs) conducted the largest crackdown documented at the Tijuana River Canal (Tijuana Mejora) to dismantle an open drug market. We analyzed active-duty MPOs' attitudes on the rationale, implementation, and outcomes of the crackdown. We also included the involvement of non-governmental allies in the disguised imprisonment as drug treatment referral and potential legal consequences of having illegally detained PWUD. Methods Between February-June 2016, 20 semi-structured interviews were conducted with MPOs in Tijuana. Interviews were transcribed, translated and coded using a consensus-based approach. Emergent themes, trends and frameworks were analyzed through a hermeneutic grounded theory protocol. Results Participants recognized the limitations of Tijuana Mejora in effectively controlling crime and addressing drug treatment solutions. MPOs perceived that the intent of the operation was to displace and detain homeless PWUD, not to assist or rehabilitate them. The police operation was largely justified as a public safety measure to reduce the risk of injury due to flooding, decrease drug consumption among PWUD and protect local tourism from PWUD. Some participants perceived the crackdown as a successful public health and safety measure while others highlighted occupational risks to MPOs and potential human rights violations of PWUD. Conclusions Tijuana Mejora illustrated why public and private actors align in enforcing zero-tolerance drug policy. Perceptions of care are often based on captivity of the diseased, not in health and well-being of PWUD. Officer perceptions shed light on the many limitations of this punitive policing tool in this context. A shift towards evidence-based municipal strategies to address drug use, wherein police are perceived as partners in harm reduction rather than antagonists, is warranted.