Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?
Electronic cigarettes: what are they and what do they do?
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DOI：
10.1111/nyas.12977
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发表时间：
2017-04
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Eissenberg T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Breland A;Soule E;Lopez A;Ramôa C;El-Hellani A;Eissenberg T
电子烟（ECIGs）利用电力为加热元件提供动力，使一种通常含有溶剂、调味剂和产生依赖性的药物尼古丁的液体雾化，供使用者吸入。ECIGs在过去8年中发展迅速，产品设计和液体成分的变化影响了气溶胶中产生的毒物量和向用户的输送。这种快速发展伴随着许多国家ECIG使用率的急剧增加，包括美国的成年人，尤其是青少年。这种有可能向使用者的肺部输送尼古丁和其他有毒物质的新产品越来越流行，促使研究工作迅速增加。本综述重点介绍了有关ECIG设计、液体和气溶胶成分、青少年和成人使用ECIG的流行病学（包括ECIG使用的相关因素）以及关于ECIG效果的临床前和临床研究的最新信息。目前的文献表明，对于使用ecig作为香烟替代品的吸烟者来说，ecig介导的潜在健康风险降低与可能被其吸引的非吸烟者的风险增加之间存在平衡，这是一种强有力的实证监管方法。
Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) use electricity to power a heating element that aerosolizes a liquid that often contains solvents, flavorants, and the dependence-producing drug nicotine for user inhalation. ECIGs have evolved rapidly in the past 8 years, and the changes in product design and liquid constituents affect the resulting toxicant yield in the aerosol and delivery to the user. This rapid evolution has been accompanied by dramatic increases in ECIG use prevalence in many countries, including among adults and especially adolescents in the United States. This increased prevalence of a novel product that has the potential to deliver nicotine and other toxicants to users’ lungs drives a rapidly growing research effort. This review highlights the most recent information regarding the design of ECIGs and liquid and aerosol constituents, the epidemiology of ECIG use among adolescents and adults (including correlates of ECIG use), and preclinical and clinical research regarding ECIG effects. The current literature suggests a strong rationale for an empirical regulatory approach toward ECIGs that balances any potential ECIG-mediated decreases in health risks for smokers who use them as substitutes for tobacco cigarettes and against any increased risks for nonsmokers who may be attracted to them.