Diversity and population dynamics of Penicillium spp. on apples in pre- and postharvest environments:: consequences for decay development
Diversity and population dynamics of Penicillium spp. on apples in pre- and postharvest environments:: consequences for decay development
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01112.x
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发表时间：
2005-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Bompeix, G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Amiri, A;Bompeix, G
青霉菌属的分离株。 2001 年至 2003 年期间，定期从苹果果实采收前和采收后的表面以及法国果园和储藏室的大气中收集。青霉属传统果园大气中未检出孢子，而有机管理果园大气中其密度不超过50个孢子m(-3)。青霉属在果园的苹果表面很少检测到。苹果上青霉菌的密度由贮藏1个月后的10～50个孢子cm(-2)增加到贮藏6个月后的300～400个孢子cm(-2)。在未消毒和先前消毒的仓库中，空气中青霉菌的水平分别增加了 2 x 10(4) 和 2.5 x 10(3) 孢子 m(-3)。 Penicillium expansum (30-62%) 和 P. solitum (6-45%) 是苹果上或储藏室中最常见的物种。分离出的其他青霉菌种包括 P. commune、P. verrucosum、P. chrysogenum、P. rugulosum 和 P. digitalatum。还使用二氧化硫测试对苹果果实的伤口和开放皮孔的数量进行了调查。收获时受伤的发生率从 12% 到 36% 不等，具体取决于品种和地点。当苹果在收获时通过水性或气相接种 P. expansum 进行接种时，腐烂发生率始终高于受伤发生率。苹果表面每 cm(2) 的开放皮孔数量从 0.5 个不等。 Boskoop 的简历达到 4.4。金冠。当皮孔接种 P. expansum 和 P. verrucosum 时，平均分别有 13% 和 2.1% 的皮孔被感染。具有更多开放皮孔且直径从 100 到 200 微米不等的苹果果实品种更容易受到 P. expansum 的影响。
Isolates of Penicillium spp. were collected regularly from 2001 to 2003 from the surfaces of apple fruit pre- and postharvest, and from the atmosphere of orchards and storage rooms in France. Penicillium spp. were not detected from the atmosphere of conventional orchards, while their density did not exceed 50 spores m(-3) in the atmosphere of organically managed orchards. Penicillium spp. were seldom detected on apple surfaces in the orchard. The density of Penicillium on apples increased from 10 to 50 spores cm(-2) after 1 month in storage to 300-400 spores cm(-2) after 6 months. The level of airborne Penicillium increased by up to 2 x 10(4) and 2.5 x 10(3) spores m(-3) within nondisinfected and previously disinfected warehouses, respectively. Penicillium expansum (30-62%) and P. solitum (6-45%) were the most prevalent species on apple or in storage rooms. Other species of Penicillium isolated included P. commune, P. verrucosum, P. chrysogenum, P. rugulosum and P. digitatum. Apple fruit were also surveyed for wounds and the number of open lenticels using the sulphur dioxide test. The incidence of wounding at harvest varied from 12 to 36%, depending on cultivar and locality. When apples were inoculated at harvest by either aqueous or aerial inoculum of P. expansum, the decay incidence was constantly higher than the incidence of wounding. The number of open lenticels per cm(2) of apple surface varied from 0.5 on cv. Boskoop to 4.4 on cv. Golden Delicious. An average of 13 and 2.1% of lenticels, respectively, were infected when they were inoculated by P. expansum and P. verrucosum. Cultivars of apple fruit that showed a greater number of open lenticels, combined with a large diameter varying from 100 to 200 mum, were more susceptible to P. expansum.