Acute hematological effects of solar particle event proton radiation in the porcine model.
Acute hematological effects of solar particle event proton radiation in the porcine model.
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DOI：
10.1667/rr3027.1
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发表时间：
2013-07
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Kennedy AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanzari JK;Wan XS;Wroe AJ;Rightnar S;Cengel KA;Diffenderfer ES;Krigsfeld GS;Gridley DS;Kennedy AR
急性辐射病（ARS）预计会在大型太阳粒子事件（SPE）期间发生在宇航员身上。与ARS相关的一个参数是造血综合征，这可能是由于暴露于辐射的人的循环血细胞数量减少所致。外周血细胞对于充分的免疫应答至关重要，低血细胞计数可导致对感染的易感性增加。在本研究中，尤卡坦小型猪暴露于SPE预期皮肤剂量水平范围内的质子辐射（根据先前SPE估计）。质子辐射暴露导致暴露1天内总白色血细胞计数（WBC）显著降低，低于基线对照值或照射前值60%。在血细胞计数最低水平时，淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞分别比照射前减少89.5%、60.4%、73.2%和75.5%。早在辐射暴露后4小时，单核细胞和淋巴细胞就平均减少了70%（与照射前的值相比）。皮肤剂量大于5戈伊导致血细胞计数下降，直至暴露后90天。本文报告的结果与使用非人灵长类动物模型的ARS研究相似，支持使用尤卡坦小型猪作为替代品。此外，由于暴露于急性全身SPE样质子辐射而导致的血液学异常的高患病率保证了开发适当的对策来预防或治疗宇航员在太空旅行期间发生的ARS。
Acute radiation sickness (ARS) is expected to occur in astronauts during large solar particle events (SPEs). One parameter associated with ARS is the hematopoietic syndrome, which can result from decreased numbers of circulating blood cells in those exposed to radiation. The peripheral blood cells are critical for an adequate immune response, and low blood cell counts can result in an increased susceptibility to infection. In this study, Yucatan minipigs were exposed to proton radiation within a range of skin dose levels expected for an SPE (estimated from previous SPEs). The proton-radiation exposure resulted in significant decreases in total white blood cell count (WBC) within 1 day of exposure, 60% below baseline control value or preirradiation values. At the lowest level of the blood cell counts, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils were decreased up to 89.5%, 60.4%, 73.2% and 75.5%, respectively, from the preirradiation values. Monocytes and lymphocytes were decreased by an average of 70% (compared to preirradiation values) as early as 4 h after radiation exposure. Skin doses greater than 5 Gy resulted in decreased blood cell counts up to 90 days after exposure. The results reported here are similar to studies of ARS using the nonhuman primate model, supporting the use of the Yucatan minipig as an alternative. In addition, the high prevalence of hematologic abnormalities resulting from exposure to acute, whole-body SPE-like proton radiation warrants the development of appropriate countermeasures to prevent or treat ARS occurring in astronauts during space travel.