Low-cost antenna array and phased array architectures — Design concepts and prototypes
Low-cost antenna array and phased array architectures — Design concepts and prototypes
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低成本天线阵列和相控阵架构——设计概念和原型
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Safavi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Busuioc;S. Safavi
最近的电信标准要求天线技术向低成本、高集成度封装发展。此外，更高的增益和辐射方向图约束导致需要可操纵的多功能天线阵列。关键要求之一是总成本，包括非经常性工程或设计成本，对于消费者市场应用来说应该合理地低。此外，越来越多的应用计划在近中期需要灵活和/或共形天线。先前开发的天线阵列技术主要用于军事应用，其中设计和开发时间以及尺寸对于天线性能是次要的。因此，在过去已经实现了庞大的相控阵天线，其中约束主要是整个系统的高性能，而不是某种封装技术或最终用户的低成本应用。本文将讨论一种新的方法，更紧凑的集成，讨论的Ku波段，金属波导馈电的有源/无源阵列的初步设计，并导致在一个更具有成本效益的阵列馈电技术。另外还将讨论新的印刷电路板波导（PCB-WG）的开发以及Ku波段以及18 GHz和60 GHz的各种天线元件的应用。通过36 GHz介质谐振器阵列的综合设计说明了新技术的多功能性。最后对未来的技术发展进行了展望。此外，本文将说明如何在阵列天线领域的其他研究目标和动机，可以解决的新技术。诸如天线阵列和前端电路的封装以提高总体增益和降低噪声系数（NF）以及开发前端有源电路的新方法等问题将从核心技术开发中变得明显。这可以使整个系统的损耗最小化，降低成本，并减小整体尺寸。
Recent telecommunications standards are requiring antenna technologies to evolve towards low-cost, high-integration packages. Furthermore, higher gain and radiation pattern constraints result in the need of steerable, versatile antenna arrays. One of the key requirements is the overall cost, including non-recurring engineering or designs costs should be reasonably low for consumer market applications. Additionally, an increasing number of applications planned in the near- to mid-term require flexible and/or conformal antennas. Previously developed antenna array technologies have found usage primarily in military-based applications, where design and development time, as well as size are of secondary importance to the antenna performance. As such, bulky phased array antennas have been implemented in the past where the constraints have been primarily on the high-performance of the overall system rather than a certain packaging technology or end-user low-cost application. This paper will discuss a new approach towards more compact integration, discussing initial design of a Ku-band, metallic-waveguide fed active/passive array, and the lead-in to a more cost-effective technology for array feeds. Additional discussion will be on the development of the new printed circuit board waveguide (PCB-WG) and applications at Ku-band, as well 18 GHz and 60 GHz with a variety of antenna elements. Versatility of the new technology is illustrated through the comprehensive design of a 36 GHz dielectric resonator array (DRA). Future development of technology is examined towards the end of the paper. Furthermore, this paper will illustrate how additional research goals and motivations in the field of array antennas can be addressed by the new technology. Such issues as packaging of antenna arrays and front end circuitry to increase the overall gain and reduce the noise figure (NF), as well as novel methods for developing front-end active circuitry will become evident from the core technology development. This can lead to minimizing loss throughout the system, decrease cost, and reduce the overall size.