Molecular motor traffic: From biological nanomachines to macroscopic transport
Molecular motor traffic: From biological nanomachines to macroscopic transport
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physa.2006.05.019
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发表时间：
2006-12
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
R. Lipowsky;Yan Chai;S. Klumpp;S. Liepelt;Melanie J. I. Müller
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Lipowsky;Yan Chai;S. Klumpp;S. Liepelt;Melanie J. I. Müller
动植物的所有细胞都含有复杂的运输系统，其基础是沿着细胞骨架细丝行走的分子马达。这些马达相当小，尺寸为20 - 100纳米，但能够将囊泡、细胞器和其他类型的货物拉到很远的距离，从微米到米。马达有几个家族：运动蛋白、动力蛋白和肌凝蛋白。这些马达大多数都有两个头，用作腿，并沿着灯丝执行离散的步骤。将讨论电机行为的几个方面：双头电机的电机周期；单个马达或货物颗粒的行走，由随机的扩散运动打断的定向运动组成；通过管状舱室的货物运输；板状舱室中货物颗粒的主动扩散；多台发动机的货物合作运输，可以是单向的也可以是双向的；而具有许多相互作用的马达的系统则表现出交通堵塞、自组织的密度和通量模式，以及远离平衡的交通相变。为了构建和优化基于马达和细丝的仿生运输系统，在生物工程、药理学和医学等领域有许多可能的应用，有必要以定量的方式了解这些交通现象。
All cells of animals and plants contain complex transport systems based on molecular motors which walk along cytoskeletal filaments. These motors are rather small and have a size of 20–100nm but are able to pull vesicles, organelles and other types of cargo over large distances, from micrometers up to meters. There are several families of motors: kinesins, dyneins, and myosins. Most of these motors have two heads which are used as legs and perform discrete steps along the filaments. Several aspects of the motor behavior will be discussed: motor cycles of two-headed motors; walks of single motors or cargo particles which consist of directed movements interrupted by random, diffusive motion; cargo transport through tube-like compartments; active diffusion of cargo particles in slab-like compartments; cooperative transport of cargo by several motors which may be uni- or bi-directional; and systems with many interacting motors that exhibit traffic jams, self-organized density and flux patterns, and traffic phase transitions far from equilibrium. It is necessary to understand these traffic phenomena in a quantitative manner in order to construct and optimize biomimetic transport systems based on motors and filaments with many possible applications in bioengineering, pharmacology, and medicine.