Annual Research Review: Development of the cerebral cortex: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders.

Annual Research Review: Development of the cerebral cortex: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders.
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DOI:
10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02307.x
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发表时间:
2011-04
期刊:
Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Rubenstein JL
Rubenstein JL
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rubenstein JL

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大脑皮层在认知和情绪处理中起着核心作用。因此,了解控制其发育和功能的机制对于了解严重神经精神疾病的基础至关重要,特别是那些首次出现在儿童时期的疾病。在这篇综述中,我重点介绍了阐明控制皮质发育的遗传、分子和细胞机制的最新进展。我讨论了皮质发育解剖学的基本方面,以及调节皮质大小和区域形成的机制,重点是成纤维细胞生长因子 (Fgf) 信号传导和特定转录因子的作用。然后,我检查特定类型的皮质兴奋性投射神经元是如何产生的,以及它们的轴突如何沿着刻板路径生长到目标。接下来,我将讨论皮质抑制性(GABA 能)神经元是如何产生的,并指出这些细胞在控制皮质可塑性和关键期中的作用。该论文最后检查了四种可能的发育机制,这些机制可能导致某些形式的神经发育障碍,例如自闭症。
The cerebral cortex has a central role in cognitive and emotional processing. As such, understanding the mechanisms that govern its development and function will be central to understanding the bases of severe neuropsychiatric disorders, particularly those that first appear in childhood. In this review, I highlight recent progress in elucidating genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms that control cortical development. I discuss basic aspects of cortical developmental anatomy, and mechanisms that regulate cortical size and area formation, with an emphasis on the roles of fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling and specific transcription factors. I then examine how specific types of cortical excitatory projection neurons are generated, and how their axons grow along stereotyped pathways to their targets. Next, I address how cortical inhibitory (GABAergic) neurons are generated, and point out the role of these cells in controlling cortical plasticity and critical periods. The paper concludes with an examination of four possible developmental mechanisms that could contribute to some forms of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism.
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