Preschoolers' appreciation of speaker vocal affect as a cue to referential intent
Preschoolers' appreciation of speaker vocal affect as a cue to referential intent
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jecp.2010.04.012
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发表时间：
2010-10-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Graham, Susan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berman, Jared M. J.;Chambers, Craig G.;Graham, Susan A.
本研究采用眼动追踪的方法，考察了3岁和4岁儿童在解决指称歧义时对说话人情感的敏感性。孩子们在屏幕上看到三个物体的图片（包括两个同类的参照物，例如，一个完整的玩偶和一个破碎的玩偶，以及一个干扰项），与预先记录的参考模糊指令（例如，“看娃娃”）。教学的语调根据说话者的声音影响而变化：积极的、消极的或中性的。对眼睛注视模式的分析表明，4岁的孩子，而不是3岁的孩子，更有可能看向那些在听到名词时状态与说话者的声音情感相匹配的所指对象（例如，在消极情绪条件下，更经常地看坏娃娃）。这些结果表明，4岁儿童可以使用扬声器的影响，以帮助确定在网上理解的指称映射。(C)2010年爱思唯尔公司All rights reserved.
An eye tracking methodology was used to evaluate 3- and 4-year-old children's sensitivity to speaker affect when resolving referential ambiguity. Children were presented with pictures of three objects on a screen (including two referents of the same kind, e.g., an intact doll and a broken doll, and one distracter item), paired with a prerecorded referentially ambiguous instruction (e.g., "Look at the doll"). The intonation of the instruction varied in terms of the speaker's vocal affect: positive-sounding, negative-sounding, or neutral. Analyses of eye gaze patterns indicated that 4-year-olds, but not 3-year-olds, were more likely to look to the referent whose state matched the speaker's vocal affect as the noun was heard (e.g., looked more often to the broken doll referent in the negative affect condition). These findings indicate that 4-year-olds can use speaker affect to help identify referential mappings during on-line comprehension. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.