Using drug foods to capture and enhance labor performance: A cross-cultural perspective
Using drug foods to capture and enhance labor performance: A cross-cultural perspective
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DOI：
10.1086/204549
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Bradburd, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jankowiak, W;Bradburd, D
718 i当代人类学导致心理活动的改变）在新兴世界经济中的贸易扩张中发挥了关键作用（马歇尔，1976，1987;马歇尔和马歇尔，1979;明茨，1985;林德斯特罗姆，1982;货车昂塞伦，1976;沃勒斯坦，1974;沃尔夫，1982）。例如，明茨（1985）记录了英国殖民帝国的崛起、工业化和英国糖和茶消费量的增加之间的联系。同样，马绍尔关于将酒精饮料引入密克罗尼西亚东部的研究（I 979：2 i6-I7）审查了依赖酒精饮料和烟草作为贸易商品的商人的文化影响。他们证明，在澳大利亚和美国边境，酒精是商人货物袋中的重要物品（见MacAndrew和埃杰顿，1969年，Steinberg和Hanner，1980年）。显然，尤其是在文化接触的早期阶段，药物食品是重要的贸易项目，在许多情况下是当地人唯一可以接受的。这项奖学金有助于我们了解药物食品贸易对欧洲经济和土著社会发展的影响。然而，在关注毒品食品对特定社会制度的发展或破坏的影响时，我们忽视了它们在调节贸易条件和劳动生产率方面的作用。在本文中，我们将探讨三个广泛的问题：（1）药物食品的生化特性或其引入的性质是否可以解释它们成为开放或扩大贸易的强大力量？(2)在历史和民族志文献中发现的不同用法模式是否与社会的政治复杂程度有关，或者它们是否完全取决于文化接触的动态？（3）特定种类药物食物的使用与所需劳动任务之间是否存在关系？
7I8 i CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY sulting in the modification of mental activity) have played a critical role in the expansion of trade within the emerging world economy (Marshall I976, I987; Marshall and Marshall I979; Mintz I985; Lindstrom i982; van Onselen I976; Wallerstein I974; Wolf i982). Mintz (I985), for example, documents the link between the rise of Britain's colonial empire, industrialization, and the increase in British consumption of sugar and tea. Similarly, the Marshalls' study (I979: 2i6-I7) of the introduction of alcoholic beverages into eastern Micronesia examines the cultural impact of traders who relied on both alcoholic beverages and tobacco as trade goods. They demonstrate that alcohol was an important item in the trader's bag of goods on the Australian as well as the American frontier (see MacAndrew and Edgerton I969, Steinberg and Hanner 1980). Clearly, especially in the early stages of cultural contact, drug foods were important trade items and in many instances the only ones acceptable to the native. This scholarship has contributed to our understanding of the impact of the drug food trade on the development of European economies and indigenous societies. Yet, in focusing on the drug foods' impact on the development or destruction of specific social institutions we have overlooked their role in regulating the conditions of trade and labor productivity. In this paper we will explore three broad questions:(i) Do the biochemical properties of drug foods or the nature of their introduction account for their becoming such potent forces in opening or expanding trade?(2) Are the variant patterns of usage found in the historical and ethnographic literature related to a society's level of political complexity, or do they depend entirely upon the dynamics of cultural contact? and (3) Is there a relationship between the use of specific kinds of drug foods and the required tasks of labor?