Olfaction-Inspired MCs: Molecule Mixture Shift Keying and Cross-Reactive Receptor Arrays
Olfaction-Inspired MCs: Molecule Mixture Shift Keying and Cross-Reactive Receptor Arrays
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DOI：
10.1109/tcomm.2023.3242379
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发表时间：
2022-03
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
V. Jamali;H. Loos;A. Buettner;R. Schober;H. Vincent;andrea. buettner helene. loos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. Jamali;H. Loos;A. Buettner;R. Schober;H. Vincent;andrea. buettner helene. loos
在本文中，我们提出了一个新的概念，工程分子通信（MC）系统的灵感来自动物的嗅觉。我们专注于一个多用户的情况下，几个发射机希望与一个中央接收器进行通信。我们假设每个发射器采用不同类型的信号分子的独特混合物来表示其消息，并且接收器配备有包括$R$不同类型的受体的阵列，以检测所发射的分子混合物。基于正交分子-受体对的MC系统的设计意味着接收器的硬件复杂度与信号传导分子类型的数量成线性比例（即，$R=Q$）。天然嗅觉系统通过采用交叉反应性受体阵列来避免这种高度复杂性，其中每种类型的分子激活多种类型的受体，并且每种类型的受体主要由多种类型的分子激活，尽管具有不同的激活强度。例如，人类嗅觉系统被认为仅使用几百种受体类型来区分数千种化学物质，即，$Q\gg R$ .出于这种观察，我们首先开发了一个端到端的MC通道模型，占嗅觉的关键属性。随后，我们提出了拟议的发射机和接收机的设计。特别是，给定一组信号分子，我们开发了将分子分配给不同发射器并优化通信混合字母表的算法。此外，我们制定的分子混合物恢复作为一个凸压缩传感问题，可以有效地解决通过可用的数值求解器。最后，我们提出了一套全面的模拟结果，以评估所提出的MC设计的性能，揭示有趣的见解有关的设计参数。例如，我们表明，包括几种类型的分子的混合物是最适合的通信，因为它们可以更可靠地检测到的交叉反应阵列比一种类型的分子或许多分子类型的混合物。
In this paper, we propose a novel concept for engineered molecular communication (MC) systems inspired by animal olfaction. We focus on a multi-user scenario where several transmitters wish to communicate with a central receiver. We assume that each transmitter employs a unique mixture of different types of signaling molecules to represent its message and the receiver is equipped with an array comprising $R$ different types of receptors in order to detect the emitted molecule mixtures. The design of an MC system based on orthogonal molecule-receptor pairs implies that the hardware complexity of the receiver linearly scales with the number of signaling molecule types $Q$ (i.e., $R=Q$ ). Natural olfaction systems avoid such high complexity by employing arrays of cross-reactive receptors, where each type of molecule activates multiple types of receptors and each type of receptor is predominantly activated by multiple types of molecules albeit with different activation strengths. For instance, the human olfactory system is believed to discriminate several thousands of chemicals using only a few hundred receptor types, i.e., $Q\gg R$ . Motivated by this observation, we first develop an end-to-end MC channel model that accounts for the key properties of olfaction. Subsequently, we present the proposed transmitter and receiver designs. In particular, given a set of signaling molecules, we develop algorithms that allocate molecules to different transmitters and optimize the mixture alphabet for communication. Moreover, we formulate the molecule mixture recovery as a convex compressive sensing problem which can be efficiently solved via available numerical solvers. Finally, we present a comprehensive set of simulation results to evaluate the performance of the proposed MC designs revealing interesting insights regarding the design parameters. For instance, we show that mixtures comprising few types of molecules are best suited for communication since they can be more reliably detected by the cross-reactive array than one type of molecule or mixtures of many molecule types.