Approaches to improved influenza vaccination
Approaches to improved influenza vaccination
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DOI：
10.1016/s0264-410x(99)00508-3
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发表时间：
2000-02-25
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Treanor, JJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Betts, RF;Treanor, JJ
灭活流感疫苗（Ivac）对降低流感的发病率和降低仍然获得感染的接种者的疾病严重程度具有重要影响。Ivac在年轻、健康的受试者中最有效，对高风险老年人的有效性最低。这部分是因为Ivac似乎没有显着降低感染率，部分是因为老年人的应答率和最终抗体滴度较低。因此，Ivac并不能消除老年人的疾病，当任何病毒复制发生时，老年人都容易出现并发症。同时鼻内注射减毒活流感疫苗（Livac）和Ivac可降低高风险老年人的感染率，从而降低患病率。据推测，这是因为Livac能够刺激分泌抗体，中和粘膜表面的病毒。其他方法正在检查杆状病毒重组疫苗或含佐剂的Ivac的益处，以确定这些疫苗产生的血清抗体是否高于Ivac，是否会扩散到粘膜表面，并以类似的方式中和该部位的病毒。(C)2000由爱思唯尔科学有限公司出版。版权所有。
Inactivated influenza vaccine (Ivac) has had an important impact on reducing attack rates of influenza and reducing the severity of illness amongst the vaccinees who still acquire infection. Ivac is most efficacious amongst young, otherwise healthy subjects and least effective against elderly at high risk. This is in part because Ivac does not appear to significantly reduce infection rates and in part because response rate and final antibody titer are lower in the elderly. Therefore Ivac does not eliminate disease in the elderly who are prone to complications when any virus replication occurs. Simultaneous administration of intra-nasal live attenuated influenza vaccine (Livac) and Ivac reduces the infection rate and thus illness rate amongst high-risk elderly. Presumably this is because of the ability of Livac to stimulate secretory antibody which neutralizes virus at the mucosal surface. Other approaches are examining the benefit of baculovirus recombinant vaccine or adjuvanted Ivac to determine if the higher serum antibody these vaccines produce compared to Ivac, will diffuse onto the mucosal surfaces and in a similar fashion, neutralize virus at that site. (C) 2000 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.