LEAD USE IN CALIFORNIA INDUSTRY - ITS PREVALENCE AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
LEAD USE IN CALIFORNIA INDUSTRY - ITS PREVALENCE AND HEALTH IMPLICATIONS
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DOI：
10.1080/15298669191364956
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发表时间：
1991-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
RUDOLPH, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
SHARP, DS;PERKINS, C;RUDOLPH, L
1986 年对加利福尼亚州雇主进行的一项统计调查显示，估计有 23 万名工人从事使用铅的活动。 然而，其中 68% 的工人从事危险性相对较低的活动。 其中包括 114 000 名从事电子焊接的工人。 据报道，电池制造行业有超过 1800 名工人，这是一项危险性相对较高的活动，但受到持续的监控和保护。 相比之下，超过 4300 名工人参与了散热器维修活动，这是一项高危险活动，监控和保护不一致。 据报道，超过 8% 的建筑工人在使用铅的过程中工作。 该部门不受联邦职业安全与健康管理局 (Fed/OSHA) 和加州职业安全与健康 (Cal/OSHA) 铅标准的约束，但一些最危险的活动（焊接、打磨和切割等）发生在这里。 将加州潜在铅暴露国家职业危害调查的预测与这些调查结果进行比较表明，对潜在铅职业暴露的主要来源进行了一致和可靠的评估。
An estimated 230 000 workers were reported to work in lead-using activities as a result of a 1986 statistical survey of employers in California. However, 68% of these workers worked in activities of relatively low hazard. This included 114 000 workers engaged in electronic soldering. Over 1800 workers were reported to work in battery manufacture, a relatively high-hazard activity, but with consistent monitoring and protection. In contrast, over 4300 workers were involved in radiator repair activities, a high-hazard activity with inconsistent monitoring and protection. Over 8% of construction workers were reported to work in lead-using processes. This sector is exempt from federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Fed/OSHA) and California Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) lead standards, yet some of the most hazardous activities (welding, grinding, and cutting, etc.) occurred here. Comparison of projections from the National Occupational Hazard Survey of potential lead exposure in California with these survey results suggests consistent and reliable assessment of the major sources of potential occupational exposure to lead.