Using breath carbon monoxide to validate self-reported tobacco smoking in remote Australian Indigenous communities
Using breath carbon monoxide to validate self-reported tobacco smoking in remote Australian Indigenous communities
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DOI：
10.1186/1478-7954-8-2
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Clough, Alan R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MacLaren, David J.;Conigrave, Katherine M.;Clough, Alan R.
背景：本文研究了呼吸一氧化碳(BCO)测试的特异度和敏感性，以及确认北领地阿纳姆兰(NT)土著澳大利亚人自我报告吸烟的最佳BCO截止水平。方法：在三个社区400人(=16年)的烟草使用访谈样本中，记录了309名研究参与者的自我报告吸烟和BCO数据。在这些人中，249人报告在过去24小时内吸烟，60人报告他们从未吸烟或6个月内没有吸烟。抽样是利用配额机会性地招募的，以反映社区的年龄和性别平衡，其中合并的土著人口包括1,104名男性和1,215名女性(=16岁)。当地土著研究人员帮助研究人员访问参与者，并使用便携式手持式分析仪促进BCO测试。结果：自我报告与BCO之间有很好的一致性(96.0%的灵敏度，93.3%的特异度)。~gt；=5ppm的替代截断值将敏感性从96.0%提高到99.6%，而特异性没有变化(93.3%)。从分析中剔除两名自称吸食大麻的不吸烟者的数据后，特异度增加到96.6%。结论：在这些描述吸烟的弱势土著人群中，BCO检测提供了一种实用、非侵入性和即时的方法来验证自我报告的吸烟。在对这些人群中吸烟的进一步研究中，应该考虑在自我报告的不吸烟者表现出高BCO的情况下使用大麻。
Background: This paper examines the specificity and sensitivity of a breath carbon monoxide (BCO) test and optimum BCO cutoff level for validating self-reported tobacco smoking in Indigenous Australians in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory (NT).Methods: In a sample of 400 people (>= 16 years) interviewed about tobacco use in three communities, both self-reported smoking and BCO data were recorded for 309 study participants. Of these, 249 reported smoking tobacco within the preceding 24 hours, and 60 reported they had never smoked or had not smoked tobacco for >= 6 months. The sample was opportunistically recruited using quotas to reflect age and gender balances in the communities where the combined Indigenous populations comprised 1,104 males and 1,215 females (>= 16 years). Local Indigenous research workers assisted researchers in interviewing participants and facilitating BCO tests using a portable hand-held analyzer.Results: A BCO cutoff of >= 7 parts per million (ppm) provided good agreement between self-report and BCO (96.0% sensitivity, 93.3% specificity). An alternative cutoff of >= 5 ppm increased sensitivity from 96.0% to 99.6% with no change in specificity (93.3%). With data for two self-reported nonsmokers who also reported that they smoked cannabis removed from the analysis, specificity increased to 96.6%.Conclusion: In these disadvantaged Indigenous populations, where data describing smoking are few, testing for BCO provides a practical, noninvasive, and immediate method to validate self-reported smoking. In further studies of tobacco smoking in these populations, cannabis use should be considered where self-reported nonsmokers show high BCO.