Lunar Holes and Lava Tubes as Resources for Lunar Science and Exploration
Lunar Holes and Lava Tubes as Resources for Lunar Science and Exploration
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月洞和熔岩管作为月球科学和探索的资源
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
M. Nishino
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作者：
J. Haruyama;T. Morota;S. Kobayashi;S. Sawai;P. Lucey;M. Shirao;M. Nishino
月球是离地球最近的天体。因此，长期以来，人们一直在研究它的形成和演化，作为更好地了解类地行星以及太阳系中所有无空气天体的范例（例如，Vesta，Phobos）.月球离地球的距离比任何行星都近100倍，这使它成为航天器探索的方便目标。自上个世纪太空时代开始以来，我们已经用几艘宇宙飞船探索了月球，甚至成功地将宇航员送上了月球。这些探索的教训之一，阻碍了任何未来的月球探险是月球表面的恶劣条件。缺乏大气层（10-12华氏度）意味着宇宙/银河/太阳射线，以及许多微陨石直接撞击表面;此外，表面温度变化很大，昼夜范围超过300 K。
The Moon is the nearest celestial body to the Earth. As such, it has long been investigated to understand its formation and evolution, as a paradigm for better understanding the terrestrial planets, as well as all airless bodies in our solar system (e.g., Vesta, Phobos). The Moon’s proximity to the Earth—more than one hundred times closer than any planet — makes it a convenient target for exploration by spacecraft. Since the dawn of the space age in the previous century, we have explored the Moon with several spacecraft and even succeeded in sending astronauts there. One of the lessons of those explorations that hinders any future lunar expeditions is the severe conditions on the lunar surface. The lack of an atmosphere (10-12 torr) means that cosmic/galactic/solar rays, as well as the many micrometeorites directly striking the surface; in addition, surface temperatures vary widely, over a day-night range of more than 300 K.