[Effect of livestock manure on the chemical quality of groundwater].
[Effect of livestock manure on the chemical quality of groundwater].
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发表时间：
1991-07
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通讯作者：
W. Walther
中科院分区：
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作者：
W. Walther
在德国，地下水是供水的主要来源。到目前为止，由于农业生产的氮盈余已增加到约100公斤氮/公顷和年。这种剩余物通过水和空气输送到其他生态系统，主要是水生生态系统。这里以萨克森为例说明了营养物对地下水的长期负荷的影响。在岩溶和岩石含水层中，输运速度通常相对较高。在养分离开土壤的根区后，这种含水层中几乎没有硝酸盐分解的机会。因此，在抽水威尔斯井中很快就可以观察到硝酸盐值的上升。在萨克森的北方地区，集约化养牛尤为普遍。在这些桑迪含水层地区，物质从输入系统到到达抽水威尔斯井之间的输送期可能长达数年甚至数十年。因此，硝酸盐分解的可能性更大。尽管如此，许多上层含水层仍然受到硝酸盐的严重污染。在许多情况下，可以观察到还原性化学环境，这会导致铁或镍等微量元素等物质的增加。这给水的供应和处理带来了相当大的问题。为了保护下一代地下水的质量和分解能力，迫切需要最大限度地减少农业生产领域的营养过剩。
In Germany groundwater represents the main source for the water supply. Up to the present the nitrogen surplus due to agricultural production has increased to about 100 kg N/ha and year. This surplus reaches other, mainly aquatic ecosystems, transported by water and trough the air. The impact of the long-term load through nutrients on groundwater is exemplified here in the case of Lower Saxony. In karst and rock aquifers the transport velocities are usually relatively high. After nutrients have left the root zone of the soil there remains in this kind of aquifer little opportunity for nitrate decomposition. Therefore rising nitrate values can soon be observed in pumpage wells. Intensive cattle production is especially widespread in the northern parts of Lower Saxony. In these areas of sandy aquifers the period of substance transport between the input into the system and reaching pumpage wells may cover years or even decades. Therefore there is a greater chance for nitrate decomposition. Nonetheless many upper aquifers are severely contaminated with nitrates, for instance. In many cases a reductive chemical environment can be observed, which causes an increase in substances such as iron or trace elements like nickel. This leads to considerable problems for water supply and treatment. In order to protect the quality and decomposition capacity of the groundwater for the next generation it is urgently necessary to minimise nutrient surpluses in the field of agricultural production.