Reflex effects and receptor responses to upper airway pressure and flow stimuli in developing puppies.
Reflex effects and receptor responses to upper airway pressure and flow stimuli in developing puppies.
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发育中的幼犬对上呼吸道压力和气流刺激的反射效应和受体反应。
DOI：
10.1152/jappl.1985.58.1.258
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发表时间：
1985
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sant'Ambrogio,G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fisher,JT;Mathew,OP;Sant'Ambrogio,FB;Sant'Ambrogio,G
我们研究了呼吸模式的变化，由于压力和气流刺激施加到孤立的上气道在9个1至14日龄和6个29至35日龄的麻醉幼犬呼吸通过气管切开术。负压和流量，吸气和呼气，改变呼吸模式，只有在1至14日龄的小狗，而正压是无效的，在这两个年龄组。在12%的试验中，负压导致呼吸暂停，18%的试验中呼气流量，21%的试验中吸气流量。当没有发生呼吸暂停时，在施加负压后，吸气和呼气时间显著延长，第一次呼吸潮气量减少。切断上级喉神经可使压力反应和流量反应消失。在9只1- 14日龄和4只29- 35日龄幼犬中，我们记录了上级喉神经的单个单位的活动。我们确定了对压力（68.5%）、流量（2.7%）和上气道肌肉收缩（驱动，28.8%）有反应的专门受体。所有类型的受体都有普遍的吸气相关活动。在年龄较小的组中，压力感受器在可比负压下的放电率低于年龄较大的幼犬。在发育的早期阶段起源于上呼吸道的强抑制性影响可能反映了中枢神经系统的不同整合特性。
We studied the changes in breathing pattern due to pressure and airflow stimuli applied to isolated upper airway in nine 1- to 14-day-old and six 29- to 35-day-old anesthetized puppies breathing through a tracheostomy. Negative-pressure and flow, both inspiratory and expiratory, altered the breathing pattern only in the 1- to 14-day-old puppies, whereas positive pressure was ineffective in both age groups. Negative pressure caused apnea in 12% of the trials, expiratory flow in 18%, and inspiratory flow in 21%. When apnea did not occur there was a significant prolongation of inspiratory and expiratory time and a decrease of tidal volume of the first breath following the application of negative pressures. Section of the superior laryngeal nerves abolished the responses to pressure and flow. In nine 1- to 14-day-old and four 29- to 35-day-old puppies we recorded the activity of single units of the superior laryngeal nerves. We identified specialized receptors responding to pressure (68.5%), flow (2.7%), and contraction of upper airway muscles (drive, 28.8%). All types of receptors had a prevalent inspiratory-related activity. In the younger age group the discharge rate of pressure receptors at comparable negative pressures was lower than in older puppies. The strong inhibitory influences originating from the upper airway in the early stages of development presumably reflect different integrative properties of the central nervous system.