Review and challenges of policies of environmental protection and sustainable development in China
Review and challenges of policies of environmental protection and sustainable development in China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.06.019
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Wen, Zong-guo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang, Kun-min;Wen, Zong-guo
中国面临着发展国民经济和保护生态环境的双重任务。自20世纪80年代以来，中国的石油环境保护与可持续发展政策经历了五个转变：(11)从把环境保护作为一项基本国策转向采取可持续发展战略；(2)从污染控制转向生态保护；(3)从末端治理转向源头治理：(4)从点源治理转向区域环境治理；(5)从以行政管理为主转向以法律手段和经济手段为主。自1992年以来，中国将可持续发展确定为一项基本的国家战略。然而，中国的环境污染和生态退化问题依然严重，对经济和生活质量造成了极大的损害。21世纪初，是中国保持经济快速发展、加大环境保护力度的关键时刻。遏制生态退化。作为最大的发展中国家，中国的石油环保和可持续发展政策不仅对中国，而且对世界都是至关重要的。然而，到2020年实现全面小康社会是中国政府的一项关键任务，也是中国新世纪经济发展的全部重要目标。要实现这一目标，需要比中国2000年的国内生产总值增长四倍。因此，加快经济发展是我今后二十年的主要任务，这样做将给控制自然资源枯竭和环境污染带来巨大挑战。通过批判性地审视中国环境政策的发展，我们试图确定如何最好地协调环境与经济之间的关系，以提高中国的生活质量和资源环境的可持续性。重要措施包括：调整经济结构、能源政策改革、发展环保产业、污染防治和生态保护、能力建设、国际合作和公众参与。(C)2007爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
China is confronted with the dual task of developing its national economy and protecting its ecological environment. Since the 1980s, China's policies Oil environmental protection and Sustainable development have experienced five changes: (11) progression from the adoption of environmental protection as a basic state policy to the adoption of sustainable development strategy;: (2) changing focus from pollution control to ecological conservation equally; (3) shifting from end-of-pipe treatment to Source control: (4) moving from point source treatment to regional environmental governance; and (5) it turn away from administrative management-based approaches and towards a legal means and economic instruments-based approach. Since 1992, China has set down sustainable development as a basic national strategy. However, environmental pollution and ecological degradation in China have continued to be Serious problems and have inflicted great damage oil the economy and quality of life. The beginning of the 21st century is a critical juncture for China's efforts towards sustaining rapid economic development, intensifying environmental protection efforts. and curbing ecological degradation. As the largest developing country, China's policies oil environmental protection and Sustainable development will be of primary importance not only for China, but also the world. Realizing a completely well-off society by the year 2020 is seen as a crucial task by the Chinese government and all important goal for China's economic development in the new century, however. attaining it would require a four-fold increase over China's year 2000 GDP. Therefore, speeding LIP economic development is I major mission during the next two decades and doing so will bring, great challenges in controlling depletion of natural resources and environmental pollution.. By taking I critical look at the development of Chinese environmental policy, we try to determine how best to coordinate the relationship between the environment and the economy in order to improve quality of life and the sustainability of China's resources and environment. Examples of important measures include:: adjustment of economic structure, reform of energy policy, development of environmental industry, pollution prevention and ecological conservation, capacity building, and international cooperation and public participation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.