Safety testing and operational procedures for self-developed radiofrequency coils
Safety testing and operational procedures for self-developed radiofrequency coils
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DOI：
10.1002/nbm.3290
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Avdievich, Nikolai I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoffmann, Jens;Henning, Anke;Avdievich, Nikolai I.
开发用于人体超高场（7 T）、非质子和身体应用的新型射频（RF）线圈是许多MR组的一个活跃研究领域。任何射频线圈都必须满足在机械和电气安全方面对人体安全应用的严格要求，以及特定吸收率（SAR）限值。为此，存在诸如国际电工委员会（IEC）医用电气设备标准、供应商建议的第三方线圈测试规范和定制开发的测试程序等法规。然而，对于超高场MR中的较高频率和较短波长，RF场可能在生物组织中变得极其不均匀，并且局部区域的功率沉积升高的风险增加，这通常不是现有安全测试和操作程序所考虑的。此外，风险分析和全面的电气性能和安全测试等重要方面往往被忽视。在本文中，我们描述了我们机构用于电气和机械安全测试、SAR模拟和验证、风险分析和操作程序的指南，包括线圈文档、用户培训和定期质量保证测试，这些指南有助于识别和消除线圈设计和操作期间的安全问题。虽然该程序通常适用于所有场强，但考虑了超高场强下SAR相关安全性和电气性能的特定要求。该方案描述了一个内部程序，并不反映大量研究小组之间的共识，而是旨在激发与最低弹簧圈安全标准相关的进一步讨论。此外，它还可以帮助其他研究小组建立自己的程序。版权所有（c）2015约翰威利父子有限公司
The development of novel radiofrequency (RF) coils for human ultrahigh-field (7 T), non-proton and body applications is an active field of research in many MR groups. Any RF coil must meet the strict requirements for safe application on humans with respect to mechanical and electrical safety, as well as the specific absorption rate (SAR) limits. For this purpose, regulations such as the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard for medical electrical equipment, vendor-suggested test specifications for third party coils and custom-developed test procedures exist. However, for higher frequencies and shorter wavelengths in ultrahigh-field MR, the RF fields may become extremely inhomogeneous in biological tissue and the risk of localized areas with elevated power deposition increases, which is usually not considered by existing safety testing and operational procedures. In addition, important aspects, such as risk analysis and comprehensive electrical performance and safety tests, are often neglected. In this article, we describe the guidelines used in our institution for electrical and mechanical safety tests, SAR simulation and verification, risk analysis and operational procedures, including coil documentation, user training and regular quality assurance testing, which help to recognize and eliminate safety issues during coil design and operation. Although the procedure is generally applicable to all field strengths, specific requirements with regard to SAR-related safety and electrical performance at ultrahigh-field are considered. The protocol describes an internal procedure and does not reflect consensus among a large number of research groups, but rather aims to stimulate further discussion related to minimum coil safety standards. Furthermore, it may help other research groups to establish their own procedures. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.