COVID-19 vaccines: comparison of biological, pharmacological characteristics and adverse effects of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines
COVID-19 vaccines: comparison of biological, pharmacological characteristics and adverse effects of Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines
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DOI：
10.26355/eurrev_202102_24877
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发表时间：
2021-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Klonoff, D. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meo, S. A.;Bukhari, I. A.;Klonoff, D. C.
目的：“严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）”疾病已导致全球具有挑战性和威胁性的大流行病（COVID-19），造成巨大的健康和经济损失。美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA）已批准辉瑞/BioNTech和Moderna COVID-19疫苗的紧急使用许可。许多人对特定的食物、药物或疫苗有明显的过敏反应史;因此，世界各地的人们对这两种授权疫苗都非常关注。本文比较了辉瑞/BioNTech和Moderna疫苗的药理学、适应症、禁忌症和不良反应。材料和方法：所需的文件和信息收集自相关数据库，包括Web of Science（Clarivate Analytics）、PubMed、EMBASE、世界卫生组织（WHO）、美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）、地方部委、卫生机构和Google Scholar。使用的关键术语是：冠状病毒，SARS-COV-2，COVID-19大流行，疫苗，辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗，Moderna疫苗，药理学，益处，过敏反应，适应症，禁忌症和不良反应。描述性信息记录，我们最终包括12个文件，包括研究文章，临床试验，和网站记录所需的information.RESULTS：根据目前可用的文献，这两种疫苗是有益的，以提供对SARS-CoV-2感染的免疫。辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗已被推荐给16岁及以上的人，剂量为30微克（0.3米），费用为19.50美元。它在首次接种后至少119天内提供免疫原性，预防SARS-COV-2感染的有效性为95%。然而，Moderna疫苗已被推荐给18岁及以上的人，剂量为50微克（0.5毫升），费用为32 -37美元。它在首次接种后至少119天内提供免疫原性，预防SARS-CoV-2感染的有效率为94.5%。然而，两种疫苗都报告了一些相关的过敏症状。COVID-19疫苗在第一次或第二次接种后可引起轻度不良反应，包括疫苗接种部位疼痛、发红或肿胀、发热、疲劳、头痛、肌肉痛、恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、寒战和关节痛，也很少引起过敏性休克。据报道，辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗的不良反应发生率低于Moderna疫苗;然而，与辉瑞疫苗相比，Moderna疫苗更容易运输和储存，因为它对温度不太敏感。结论：FDA已授予辉瑞/BioNTech和Moderna COVID-19疫苗的紧急使用授权。这些疫苗可以通过形成抗体保护接受者免受SARS-CoV-2感染，并提供针对SARS-CoV-2感染的免疫力。两种疫苗都可能引起各种不良反应，但据报道，与Moderna COVID-19疫苗相比，辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗中的这些反应发生率较低;然而，与辉瑞疫苗相比，Moderna疫苗更容易运输和储存，因为它对温度不太敏感。
OBJECTIVE: The "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)" disease has caused a worldwide challenging and threatening pandemic (COVID-19), with huge health and economic losses. The US Food and Drug Administration, (FDA) has granted emergency use authorization for treatment with the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. Many people have a history of a significant allergic reaction to a specific food, medicine, or vaccine; hence, people all over the world have great concerns about these two authorized vaccines. This article compares the pharmacology, indications, contraindications, and adverse effects of the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna vaccines.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The required documents and information were collected from the relevant databases, including Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics), PubMed, EMBASE, World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Authorities (FDA) USA, Local Ministries, Health Institutes, and Google Scholar. The key terms used were: Coronavirus, SARS-COV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines, Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, Moderna vaccine, pharmacology, benefits, allergic responses, indications, contraindications, and adverse effects. The descriptive information was recorded, and we eventually included 12 documents including research articles, clinical trials, and websites to record the required information.RESULTS: Based on the currently available literature, both vaccines are beneficial to provide immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pfizer/BioNTech Vaccine has been recommended to people 16 years of age and older, with a dose of 30 mu g (0.3 m) at a cost of $19.50. It provides immunogenicity for at least 119 days after the first vaccination and is 95% effective in preventing the SARS-COV-2 infection. However, Moderna Vaccine has been recommended to people 18 years of age and older, with a dose of 50 mu g (0.5 mL) at a cost of $32-37. It provides immunogenicity for at least 119 days after the first vaccination and is 94.5% effective in preventing the SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, some associated allergic symptoms have been reported for both vaccines. The COVID-19 vaccines can cause mild adverse effects after the first or second doses, including pain, redness or swelling at the site of vaccine shot, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, itching, chills, and joint pain, and can also rarely cause anaphylactic shock. The occurrence of adverse effects is reported to be lower in the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine compared to the Moderna vaccine; however, the Moderna vaccine compared to the Pfizer vaccine is easier to transport and store because it is less temperature sensitive.CONCLUSIONS: The FDA has granted emergency use authorization for the Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccines. These vaccines can protect recipients from a SARS-CoV-2 infection by formation of antibodies and provide immunity against a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both vaccines can cause various adverse effects, but these reactions are reported to be less frequent in the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine compared to the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine; however, the Moderna vaccine compared to the Pfizer vaccine is easier to transport and store because it is less temperature sensitive.