Hedgehog Signaling Pathway [1]
Hedgehog Signaling Pathway [1]
复制标题
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
C. Nüsslein-Volhard;E. Wieschaus;B. Edward;Lewis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Nüsslein-Volhard;E. Wieschaus;B. Edward;Lewis
刺猬信号通路是一种指导动物胚胎细胞发育的机制，从无脊椎动物到脊椎动物。刺猬信号通路是一个由基因和基因产物组成的系统，主要是蛋白质，将一种信号转换为另一种信号，称为转导。1980年，Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard [6]和Eric F. Wieschaus在位于德国海德堡的欧洲分子生物学实验室[7]鉴定了几种果蝇（Drosophila melanogaster [8]）基因[5]。他们发现，当这些基因[5]发生改变或突变时，突变的基因[5]会破坏果蝇幼虫的正常发育。研究人员将其中一个基因称为刺猬（hedgehog，缩写为hh）。Nüsslein-Volhard，Wieschaus，and Edward B.加州帕萨迪纳的加州理工学院的刘易斯[9][10]因其对基因如何控制果蝇早期胚胎发育的研究而分享了1995年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。刺猬信号通路在许多动物分类群或门中是保守的，从果蝇[11]到人类[12]。hedgehog信号通路控制胚胎发育、干细胞维持的几个关键组成部分，并影响某些癌症的发展。在20世纪70年代，Nüsslein-Volhard和Wieschaus研究了基因突变[5]，这些突变改变了果蝇幼虫的头到尾（前后）身体平面[11]。正常果蝇幼虫的身体平面图[11]是由节组成的。Nüsslein-Volhard和Wieschaus在他们1980年的文章中确定了几个破坏果蝇幼虫身体计划的基因突变，包括片段数量，片段的模式和它们的方向。每节的底部或腹侧的前部有一排尖状的角质层突起，称为齿突。后半部分没有密质，被描述为裸露的。
The hedgehog signaling pathway is a mechanism that directs the development of embryonic cells in animals, from invertebrates to vertebrates. The hedgehog signaling pathway is a system of genes [5] and gene products, mostly proteins, that convert one kind of signal into another, called transduction. In 1980, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard [6] and Eric F. Wieschaus, at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory [7] in Heidelberg, Germany, identified several fruit fly ( Drosophila melanogaster [8] ) genes [5] . They found that when those genes [5] were changed or mutated, the mutated genes [5] disrupted the normal development of fruit fly larvae. The researchers called one of the genes [5] hedgehog (abbreviated hh ). Nüsslein-Volhard, Wieschaus, and Edward B. Lewis [9] , at the California Institute of Technology [10] in Pasadena, California, shared the 1995 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for their research on how genes [5] control early embryonic development in fruit flies. The hedgehog signaling pathway is conserved across many animal taxa, or phyla, from Drosophila [11] to humans [12] . The hedgehog signaling pathway controls several key components of embryonic development, stem-cell maintenance, and it influences the development of some cancers. In the 1970s, Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus studied mutations in genes [5] that altered the head to tail (anterior-posterior) body plan of Drosophila [11] larvae. The larval body plan of normal Drosophila [11] is composed of segments. Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus in their 1980 article identified several genetic mutations that disrupted the Drosophila [11] larval body plan, including segment number, the pattern of the segments, and their orientations. The anterior portion of the bottom, or ventral, side of each segment is marked with a row of pointed cuticle projections, called denticles. The posterior portion is devoid of denticles, and is described as naked.