The WRNS in wartime: the Women's Royal Naval Service 1917-1945 by Hannah Roberts, London, I. B. Tauris, 2018, 277 pp., £72.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1788310017
The WRNS in wartime: the Women's Royal Naval Service 1917-1945 by Hannah Roberts, London, I. B. Tauris, 2018, 277 pp., £72.00 (hardback), ISBN: 978-1788310017
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战时的 WRNS：1917-1945 年间的皇家女子海军，汉娜·罗伯茨 (Hannah Roberts)，伦敦，I.B. Tauris，2018 年，277 页，72.00 英镑（精装本），ISBN：978-1788310017
DOI：
10.1080/21533369.2020.1732670
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Clarke J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Clarke J
世界大战。罗伯茨采用跨学科的方法，认为她的分析借鉴了社会和文化历史的方法，同时也采用了“女权主义方法”(10)。罗伯茨还借鉴了美国社会学家麦迪·西格尔首次开发的分析框架，该框架使人们有可能了解政治、文化和社会的更广泛变革如何塑造女性在军队中角色的性质。罗伯茨将这一框架应用于她对 WRNS 中女性的研究，并利用这一模型丰富并进一步背景化了她对 1917 年至 1945 年海军中女性角色变化的探索。本书首先重点介绍了 WRNS 在第一次世界大战中的形成和随后的发展。罗伯茨概述了 WRNS 的存在如何归功于埃里克·格迪斯爵士的愿景，埃里克·格迪斯爵士作为第一海军大臣，决心提高皇家海军的效率并减少劳动力短缺，这使他相信任命女性取代男性担任岸上职务的价值。正如罗伯茨所说，WRNS 的成立远非预示着对战前性别规范的彻底重新配置，而是 1917 年对海军能力进行务实评估的结果。本文还探讨了 WRNS 首任主任凯瑟琳·弗斯 (Katharine Furse) 的影响。海军当局在制定军种规则和规章方面给予福斯相对自主权，这意味着弗斯决心创建一个信誉良好、有效且组织良好的军种，与皇家海军合作，同时保留自己独特的身份感，从而塑造了 WRNS。第三章从 1919 年的复员到 1938 年 9 月 WRNS 的重组。罗伯茨在两次世界大战之间的时期行动迅速，认为战后恢复了“一切如常”(62)，因为鼓励前雷恩人在复员后返回家园和家人。其中简要提到了鹪鹩协会的成立，该组织是为了支持 1919 年之后前前鹪鹩队的需求而建立的，但更详细地探讨该协会的重要性可能会表明，尽管鹪鹩队在第一次世界大战期间存在的时间相对较短，但与海军一起服役的经历如何对许多女性产生了深远而持久的影响。对于这些人来说，鹪鹩协会的会员资格为他们以前的海军身份提供了一种受欢迎的联系。
World War. Adopting an inter-disciplinary approach, Roberts argues that her analysis draws on the methods of social and cultural history while also adopting ‘feminist approaches’(10). Roberts also draws on an analytical framework first developed by American sociologist Mady Segal, which makes it possible to see how wider transformations with politics, culture and society shaped the nature of women’s roles in the military. Applying this framework to her study of women in the WRNS, Roberts used this model to enrich and further contextualise her exploration of the changing roles of women in the Navy from 1917 to 1945.The book begins with a focus on the formation and subsequent development of the WRNS in the First World War. Roberts outlines how the WRNS owed its existence to the vision of Sir Eric Geddes, whose determination as First Lord of the Admiralty to improve the efficiency of the Royal Navy and reduce labour shortages convinced him of the value of appointing women to replace men in shore-based roles. As Roberts argues, far from heralding a radical re-configuration of pre-war gender norms, the formation of the WRNS was the result of a pragmatic assessment of naval capabilities in 1917. The influence of Katharine Furse as the first Director of the WRNS is also explored. The relative autonomy afforded to Furse by the naval authorities in establishing the rules and regulations of the service meant that the WRNS was shaped by Furse’s own determination to create a reputable, effective and well-organised service that would work alongside the Royal Navy while also retaining a sense of its own distinct identity. The third chapter moves from the demobilisation in 1919 to the re-formation of the WRNS in September 1938. Roberts moves quickly over the inter-war period, arguing that ‘business as usual’(62) resumed after the war as former Wrens were encouraged to return to their homes and families after demobilisation. There is a brief reference to the formation of the Association of Wrens, an organisation established to support the needs of ex-former Wrens after 1919, but a more detailed engagement with the significance of this association could have shown how, despite the relatively short existence of the WRNS during the First World War, the experience of serving alongside the navy had a profound and long-lasting effect on many women. For these individuals, membership of the Association of Wrens provided a welcome connection to their former naval identities.