EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union, and the resulting impacts on food safety (RONAFA)
EMA and EFSA Joint Scientific Opinion on measures to reduce the need to use antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in the European Union, and the resulting impacts on food safety (RONAFA)
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DOI：
10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4666
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Jukes, Helen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Murphy, David;Ricci, Antonia;Jukes, Helen
EFSA和EMA联合审查了欧盟为减少食用动物对抗菌剂的需求和使用而采取的措施，以及对抗菌剂耐药性（AMR）的影响。一些会员国成功地实施了削减战略。这些战略包括国家减少目标、确定抗菌剂使用基准、控制处方和限制使用特定的极其重要的抗菌剂，以及改善畜牧业和疾病预防和控制措施。由于导致AMR的因素多种多样，任何单一措施的影响都难以量化，尽管有证据表明抗菌药物使用减少与AMR减少之间存在关联。为了尽量减少抗菌药物的使用，应实施多方面的综合方法，适应当地情况。建议备选办法（非优先事项）包括：制定国家战略;监测抗菌药物使用和AMR发展的协调系统;建立减少抗菌药物使用的国家目标;使用农场健康计划;增加兽医在抗菌药物处方方面的责任;培训，教育和提高公众意识;增加快速可靠诊断的可用性;改进畜牧业和疾病预防和控制管理程序;重新考虑畜牧业生产系统，以减少固有的疾病风险。数量有限的研究提供了强有力的证据，证明抗菌剂的替代品对健康参数有积极影响。可能的替代品包括益生菌和益生元、竞争性排斥、噬菌体、免疫调节剂、有机酸和乳头密封剂。应考虑制定一个允许使用特定产品作为替代品的立法框架。还建议开展进一步研究，以评估替代耕作系统在减少AMR方面的潜力。患有细菌感染的动物只能根据兽医诊断和处方使用抗菌剂治疗。应审查各种选择，以逐步淘汰大多数预防性使用的抗菌药物，并通过应用公认的替代措施减少和改善预防性治疗。(C)2017年欧洲药品管理局和（C）欧洲食品安全局。由John Wiley and Sons Ltd代表欧洲食品安全局出版的EFSA期刊。
EFSA and EMA have jointly reviewed measures taken in the EU to reduce the need for and use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals, and the resultant impacts on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Reduction strategies have been implemented successfully in some Member States. Such strategies include national reduction targets, benchmarking of antimicrobial use, controls on prescribing and restrictions on use of specific critically important antimicrobials, together with improvements to animal husbandry and disease prevention and control measures. Due to the multiplicity of factors contributing to AMR, the impact of any single measure is difficult to quantify, although there is evidence of an association between reduction in antimicrobial use and reduced AMR. To minimise antimicrobial use, a multifaceted integrated approach should be implemented, adapted to local circumstances. Recommended options (non-prioritised) include: development of national strategies; harmonised systems for monitoring antimicrobial use and AMR development; establishing national targets for antimicrobial use reduction; use of on-farm health plans; increasing the responsibility of veterinarians for antimicrobial prescribing; training, education and raising public awareness; increasing the availability of rapid and reliable diagnostics; improving husbandry and management procedures for disease prevention and control; rethinking livestock production systems to reduce inherent disease risk. A limited number of studies provide robust evidence of alternatives to antimicrobials that positively influence health parameters. Possible alternatives include probiotics and prebiotics, competitive exclusion, bacteriophages, immunomodulators, organic acids and teat sealants. Development of a legislative framework that permits the use of specific products as alternatives should be considered. Further research to evaluate the potential of alternative farming systems on reducing AMR is also recommended. Animals suffering from bacterial infections should only be treated with antimicrobials based on veterinary diagnosis and prescription. Options should be reviewed to phase out most preventive use of antimicrobials and to reduce and refine metaphylaxis by applying recognised alternative measures. (C) 2017 European Medicines Agency and (C) European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.