Surrogate mothers 10 years on: a longitudinal study of psychological well-being and relationships with the parents and child
Surrogate mothers 10 years on: a longitudinal study of psychological well-being and relationships with the parents and child
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/humrep/deu339
复制
发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Golombok, S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jadva, V.;Imrie, S.;Golombok, S.
研究问题：代孕母亲的心理健康和经历在代孕孩子出生后的1年到10年之间有何变化？简要答复：代孕母亲的心理健康状况在孩子出生后10年没有改变，所有人都对代孕安排保持积极态度，大多数人继续报告良好的心理健康状况。已知情况：研究发现，代孕母亲可能会在孩子出生后的几周内感到困难，但在6个月或1年后不会出现心理问题。研究还表明，代孕母亲可以在怀孕期间与预期的父母形成密切的关系，这种关系可能在出生后继续下去。研究设计、规模、持续时间：本研究采用前瞻性纵向设计，其中20名代孕母亲在两个时间点观察：代孕孩子出生后1年和10年后。20名代理人（占原始样本的59%）参加了半结构化访谈，并完成了自我报告问卷。11名代孕母亲是妊娠携带者，9名代孕母亲使用了自己的卵母细胞（遗传代孕）。四个是以前已知的预期的父母和16个以前不知道。主要结果和机会的作用：十年后出生的代孕孩子，代孕母亲得分在正常范围内的自尊，并没有表现出抑郁症的迹象，由贝克抑郁量表测量。随着时间的推移，婚姻质量保持积极。所有代理人都报告说，他们对与预期父母关系的期望已经达到或超过，大多数人对孩子有积极的感觉。在对未来的期望方面，大多数代理人报告说，他们希望保持联系，或者如果孩子希望与他们联系，他们可以与孩子联系。没有人对他们参与代孕表示遗憾。限制，理由回避：这项研究的样本量很小，妇女可能不能代表所有的代孕者。因此，这些研究结果可以推广的程度尚不清楚。研究结果的更广泛的含义：与代孕潜在的负面长期影响的担忧相反，研究结果表明，代孕至少对一些女性来说是一种积极的体验。这些发现对世界各地的代孕政策和实践都很重要。
STUDY QUESTION: How do the psychological health and experiences of surrogate mothers change from 1 year to 10 years following the birth of the surrogacy child?SUMMARY ANSWER: The psychological well-being of surrogate mothers did not change 10 years following the birth, with all remaining positive about the surrogacy arrangement and the majority continuing to report good mental health.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Studies have found that surrogates may find the weeks following the birth difficult, but do not experience psychological problems 6 months or 1 year later. Research has also shown that surrogates can form close relationships with the intended parents during the pregnancy which may continue after the birth.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: This study used a prospective longitudinal design, in which 20 surrogates were seen at two time points: 1 year following the birth of the surrogacy child and 10 years later.PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The 20 surrogates (representing 59% of the original sample) participated in a semi-structured interview and completed self-report questionnaires. Eleven surrogates were gestational carriers and nine surrogates had used their own oocyte (genetic surrogacy). Four were previously known to the intended parents and 16 were previously not known.MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Ten years following the birth of the surrogacy child, surrogate mothers scored within the normal range for self-esteem and did not show signs of depression as measured by the Beck Depression Inventory. Marital quality remained positive over time. All surrogates reported that their expectations of their relationship with the intended parents had been either met or exceeded and most reported positive feelings towards the child. In terms of expectations for the future, most surrogates reported that they would like to maintain contact or would be available to the child if the child wished to contact them. None expressed regrets about their involvement in surrogacy.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: The sample size of this study was small and the women may not be representative of all surrogates. Therefore the extent to which these findings can be generalized is not known.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: Contrary to concerns about the potentially negative long-term effect of surrogacy, the findings suggest that surrogacy can be a positive experience for some women at least. These findings are important for policy and practice of surrogacy around the world.